{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:46:25Z","timestamp":1791960385636,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Farmacia Cl\u00ednica, Familiar y Comunitaria (SEFAC)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Farm Comunitarios"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The popularity of protein supplements (PS) has increased significantly in recent years. Their use is often undertaken without the supervision of a healthcare professional, which may lead to excessive or inappropriate intake and, consequently, pose a health risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess knowledge and consumption habits regarding PS among the Spanish population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a digital questionnaire (Google Forms\u00ae) among 168 participants aged 15\u201370 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 35.7% of respondents reported consuming PS, with increasing muscle mass being the main reason for consumption among 66.7% of these participants. Although 100% of participants recognised the risks associated with excessive consumption, 26.2% were unaware of the existence of maximum recommended intakes. Among those who were aware of these limits, most believed that the maximum intake was above 30 g of PS per day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a substantial gap between PS consumption and knowledge of safe intake levels. These findings highlight the need to strengthen the role of community pharmacists as key healthcare professionals in promoting the rational and safe use of PS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.33620\/fc.2173-9218.2026.36","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:02:41Z","timestamp":1791957761000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Consumption and knowledge of protein supplements in the Spanish adult population: A cross-sectional survey-based study"],"prefix":"10.33620","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2931-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Bethencourt-Barbuzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9z8p25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad de La Laguna","place":["La Laguna, Espa\u00f1a"],"department":["Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n de Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0878-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraya","family":"Paz-Montelongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9z8p25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad de La Laguna","place":["La Laguna, Espa\u00f1a"],"department":["Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n de Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1581-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel Jos\u00e9","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9z8p25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad de La Laguna","place":["La Laguna, Espa\u00f1a"],"department":["Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n de Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5760-4687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Hardisson de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9z8p25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad de La Laguna","place":["La Laguna, Espa\u00f1a"],"department":["Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n de Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9232-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monta\u00f1a","family":"C\u00e1mara Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02p0gd045","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","place":["Madrid, Espa\u00f1a"],"department":["Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Ciencias de los Alimentos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8774-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Rubio Armend\u00e1riz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01r9z8p25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Universidad de La Laguna","place":["La Laguna, Espa\u00f1a"],"department":["Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n de Toxicolog\u00eda Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"19305","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baladia E, Mo\u00f1ino M, Mart\u00ednez-Rodr\u00edguez R, Miserachs M, Russolillo G, Picazo O, et al. Uso de suplementos nutricionales y productos a base de extractos de plantas en poblaci\u00f3n espa\u00f1ola: un estudio transversal. Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet. 2022;26(3):217-29.","DOI":"10.14306\/renhyd.26.3.1693"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"GlobeNewswire. Protein Supplements Market \u2013 Growth, Trends, COVID-19 Impact, and Forecasts (2022\u20132027) [Internet]. 2022 [consultado 7 mar 2023]. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.globenewswire.com\/news-release\/2022\/05\/27\/2452032\/0\/en\/sports-nutrition-market-size-to-hit-around-us-85-7-bn-by-2030.html"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuesten C, Hu C. Functional foods and protein supplementation. En: Meiselman HL, editor. Handbook of Eating and Drinking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Cham: Springer; 2020. p. 941-64.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14504-0_175"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar M, Tomar M, Potkule J, Reetu, Punia S, Dhakane-Lad J, et al. Functional characterization of plant-based protein to determine its quality for food applications. Food Hydrocoll. 2022;123:106986.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.106986"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Clean Label Project. CLP Insights: 2024-25 Protein Power Category Report [Internet]. Health & Wellness Advocacy; 2024. Disponible en: https:\/\/cleanlabelproject.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CleanLabelProject_ProteinStudyWhitepaper_010625.pdf"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bethencourt-Barbuzano E, Gonz\u00e1lez-Weller D, Paz-Montelongo S, Guti\u00e9rrez-Fern\u00e1ndez \u00c1J, Hardisson A, Carrascosa C, et al. Whey protein dietary supplements: metal exposure assessment and risk characterization. Nutrients. 2023;15(16):3543.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15163543"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Weller D, Bethencourt-Barbuzano E, Siedzik K, Paz-Montelongo S, Guti\u00e9rrez-Fern\u00e1ndez \u00c1J, Hardisson A, et al. Exposure assessment of essential and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from chia seeds. J Xenobiot. 2024;14(4):1836-48.","DOI":"10.3390\/jox14040098"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Weller D, Paz-Montelongo S, Bethencourt-Barbuzano E, Niebla-Canelo D, Alejandro-Vega S, Guti\u00e9rrez \u00c1J, et al. Proteins and minerals in whey protein supplements. Foods. 2023;12(11):2238.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12112238"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bethencourt-Barbuzano E, Pyrzynska E, Siedzik K, Gonz\u00e1lez-Weller D, Paz-Montelongo S, Guti\u00e9rrez AJ, et al. Plant-based protein supplements as emerging sources of metal exposure: a risk assessment study. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2025;91:127703.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2025.127703"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Reglamento (CE) n.\u00ba 1170\/2009 de la Comisi\u00f3n, de 30 de noviembre de 2009, por el que se modifican la Directiva 2002\/46\/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo y el Reglamento (CE) n.\u00ba 1925\/2006 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo en lo relativo a las listas de vitaminas y minerales y sus formas que pueden a\u00f1adirse a los alimentos, incluidos los complementos alimenticios. Diario Oficial de la Uni\u00f3n Europea, L 314, de 1 de diciembre de 2009. p. 36-42. Disponible en: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2009\/1170\/oj"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Real Decreto 130\/2018, de 16 de marzo, por el que se modifica el Real Decreto 1487\/2009, de 26 de septiembre, relativo a los complementos alimenticios. Bolet\u00edn Oficial del Estado, n.\u00ba 75, de 27 de marzo de 2018. p. 33335-42. Disponible en: https:\/\/www.boe.es\/eli\/es\/rd\/2018\/03\/16\/130"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Reglamento (UE) 2023\/915 de la Comisi\u00f3n, de 25 de abril de 2023, relativo a los l\u00edmites m\u00e1ximos de determinados contaminantes en los alimentos y por el que se deroga el Reglamento (CE) n.\u00ba 1881\/2006. Diario Oficial de la Uni\u00f3n Europea, L 119, de 5 de mayo de 2023. p. 103-57. Disponible en: http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2023\/915\/oj"}],"container-title":["Farmac\u00e9uticos Comunitarios"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:02:45Z","timestamp":1791957765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.farmaceuticoscomunitarios.org\/en\/journal-article\/consumo-conocimiento-suplementos-proteicos-poblacion-espanola-estudio-transversal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33620\/fc.2173-9218.2026.36","relation":{},"ISSN":["2173-9218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2173-9218","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"article-number":"e285"}}