{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:45:26Z","timestamp":1780361126146,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1524,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,9]],"date-time":"2015-07-09T17:09:17Z","timestamp":1436461757000},"page":"1821-1827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Efficacy of 25-OH Vitamin D3 prophylactic administration for reducing lameness in broilers grown on wire flooring"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"R.F.","family":"Wideman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Blankenship","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.Y.","family":"Pevzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.J.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050213","article-title":"Natural history of acute septic arthritis in an avian model","volume":"5","author":"Alderson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Orthopaed. Res."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.68B2.3958014","article-title":"Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis-A single disease","volume":"68B","author":"Alderson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Bone Joint Surg."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2307\/1591650","article-title":"Heterophil chemotaxis in chickens with natural staphylococcal infections","volume":"37","author":"Andreasen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.04.001","article-title":"Vitamin D: Modulator of the immune system","volume":"10","author":"Baeke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/110.10.1930","article-title":"Absorption and excretion of cholecalciferol and of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and metabolites in birds","volume":"110","author":"Bar","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(74)80041-0","article-title":"The regulation of calciferol-25-hydroxylase in the chick","volume":"59","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"1974","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3184\/147020602783698421","article-title":"A review of the aetiology and pathology of leg weakness in broilers in relation to welfare","volume":"13","author":"Bradshaw","year":"2002","journal-title":"Avian Poult. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19990024","article-title":"Infectious components of broiler lameness: A review","volume":"55","author":"Butterworth","year":"1999","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(66)90042-9","article-title":"Spinal cord compression due to spondylitis caused by Staphylococcus pyogenes","volume":"76","author":"Carnaghan","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/00071660902942783","article-title":"Clinical and morphological investigations on the prevalence of lameness associated with femoral head necrosis in broilers","volume":"50","author":"Dinev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(89)90023-6","article-title":"Disturbed endochondral ossification in the axial skeleton of young broiler fowls","volume":"101","author":"Duff","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(89)90078-9","article-title":"Physeal clefts and disturbed endochondral ossification in broiler fowl","volume":"101","author":"Duff","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)30650-7","article-title":"Observations on femoral head abnormalities in broilers","volume":"42","author":"Duff","year":"1987","journal-title":"Res Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00308-2","article-title":"Exploration of stress-induced immunosuppression in chickens reveals both stress-resistant and stress-susceptible antigen responses","volume":"95","author":"El-Lethey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib15","first-page":"333","article-title":"Acute hematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis: A description of the natural history in an avian model","volume":"110","author":"Emslie","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711410206","article-title":"Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: An experimental model","volume":"141","author":"Emslie","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03781","article-title":"Evaluating portable wire flooring models for inducing bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in broilers","volume":"93","author":"Gilley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2010.02.010","article-title":"Vitamin D and the immune system: New perspectives on an old theme","volume":"39","author":"Hewison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.5.654","article-title":"Effects of dexamethasone immunosuppression on turkey osteomyelitis complex in an experimental Escherichia coli respiratory infection","volume":"77","author":"Huff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/78.1.38","article-title":"Sex differences in the resistance of turkeys to Escherichia coli challenge after immunosuppression with dexamethasone","volume":"78","author":"Huff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.7.1050","article-title":"Turkey osteomyelitis complex","volume":"79","author":"Huff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.2.266","article-title":"Stress-induced colibacillosis and turkey osteomyelitis complex in turkeys selected for increased body weight","volume":"85","author":"Huff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib23","series-title":"SigmaStat\u00ae Statistical Software User's Manual","author":"Jandel Scientific","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0089","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in mice impairs colonic antibacterial activity and predisposes to colitis","volume":"151","author":"Lagishetty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1637\/9614-121410-Reg.1","article-title":"Experimental reproduction of enterococcal spondylitis in male broiler breeder chickens","volume":"55","author":"Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2307\/1589857","article-title":"Focal failures of endochondral ossification in the broiler","volume":"26","author":"McCaskey","year":"1982","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.143.5.131","article-title":"Study of leg weakness in two commercial broiler flocks","volume":"143","author":"McNamee","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459995019","article-title":"Development of an experimental model of bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers following exposure to Staphlococcus aureus by aerosol, and inoculation with chicken anemia and infectious bursal disease viruses","volume":"28","author":"McNamee","year":"1999","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450050118386","article-title":"Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (\u2018femoral head necrosis\u2019) of broiler chickens: A review","volume":"29","author":"McNamee","year":"2000","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-03939","article-title":"25-Hydroxycholecalciferol supplementation improves growth performance and decreases inflammation during an experimental lipopolysaccharide injection","volume":"93","author":"Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12553","article-title":"Vitamin D and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"39","author":"Mouli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2013.865834","article-title":"Effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation on broiler performance, intestinal nutrient transport and integrity under experimental conditions with increased microbial challenge","volume":"55","author":"Murugesan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2307\/1590379","article-title":"Studies on the pathogenesis of staphylococcal osteomyelitis in chickens. I. Effect of stress on experimentally induced osteomyelitis","volume":"27","author":"Mutalib","year":"1983","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"issue":"E-Suppl. 1","key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib34","first-page":"45","article-title":"Neuroanatomical characterization of the lower spinal cord and its possible influence on gait in chickens, Gallus gallus","volume":"90","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib35","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","author":"NRC","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib36","first-page":"280","article-title":"Central role of the gut epithelial barrier in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation: Lessons learned from animal models and human genetics","volume":"4","author":"Pastorelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Sci. Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2012.709315","article-title":"Heat stress impairs performance and induces intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella enteritidis","volume":"41","author":"Quinteiro-Filho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00812","article-title":"Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens","volume":"89","author":"Quinteiro-Filho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-3949","article-title":"Acute heat stress impairs performance parameters and induces mild intestinal enteritis in broiler chickens: Role of acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of activation","volume":"90","author":"Quinteiro-Filho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib40","unstructured":"Rebel A. Weber G. XVI World Veterinary Poultry Congress 2009 Marrakesh, Morocco November 2009"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.2307\/1590199","article-title":"Pathology of the skeleton and tendons of broiler chickens reared to roaster weights. II. Normal chickens","volume":"27","author":"Riddell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-02129","article-title":"Vitamin D-1a-hydroxylase and vitamin D-24-hydroxylase mRNA studies in chickens","volume":"91","author":"Shanmugasundaram","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0741919","article-title":"25-hydroxycholecalciferol in poultry nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Soares","year":"1995","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02182","article-title":"Effect of supplementation of prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides and probiotic mixture on growth performance of broilers subjected to chronic heat stress","volume":"91","author":"Sohail","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00751","article-title":"Alleviation of cyclic heat stress in broilers by dietary supplementation of mannan-oligosaccharide and Lactobacillus-based probiotic: Dynamics of cortisol, thyroid hormones, cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and humoral immunity","volume":"89","author":"Sohail","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03455","article-title":"Effect of a probiotic mixture on intestinal microflora, morphology, and barrier integrity of broilers subjected to heat stress","volume":"93","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459308418924","article-title":"Proximal femoral degeneration in growing broiler fowl","volume":"22","author":"Thorp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01907","article-title":"A wire flooring model for inducing lameness in broilers: Evaluation of probiotics as a prophylactic treatment","volume":"91","author":"Wideman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02386","article-title":"Dexamethasone triggers lameness associated with necrosis of the proximal tibial head and proximal femoral head in broilers","volume":"91","author":"Wideman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib50","first-page":"183","article-title":"Bone circulatory disturbances in the development of spontaneous bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis: A translational model for the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis","volume":"3","author":"Wideman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Sci. Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03150","article-title":"Susceptibility of four commercial broiler crosses to lameness attributable to bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis","volume":"92","author":"Wideman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/peu025","article-title":"Prophylactic administration of a combined prebiotic and probiotic, or therapeutic administration of enrofloxacin, to reduce the incidence of bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis in broilers","volume":"94","author":"Wideman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-03912","article-title":"Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in broilers: Influence of sires and straight-run vs. sex-separate rearing","volume":"93","author":"Wideman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)34214-0","article-title":"Staphylococcal osteomyelitis of the avian vertebral column","volume":"12","author":"Wise","year":"1971","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.2307\/1591199","article-title":"Late clinical expression of lameness related to associated osteomyelitis and tibial dyschondroplasia in male breeding turkeys","volume":"35","author":"Wyers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0741159","article-title":"Comparison of dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and cholecalciferol in broiler chickens","volume":"74","author":"Yarger","year":"1995","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pev160_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.2141\/jpsa.010065","article-title":"Effects of dietary vitamin D3 supplementation on AvBD-1 and chCATH-1 genes expression in chicken","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Poult. Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119322102?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119322102?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ps\/article-pdf\/94\/8\/1821\/5473830\/pev160.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T20:48:16Z","timestamp":1758487696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579119322102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579119322102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps\/pev160","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of 25-OH Vitamin D3 prophylactic administration for reducing lameness in broilers grown on wire flooring","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps\/pev160","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"simple-article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Poultry Science Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}