{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T15:29:18Z","timestamp":1776698958399,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":818,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,25]],"date-time":"2017-02-25T03:03:50Z","timestamp":1487991830000},"page":"2083-2090","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparative expression of host defense peptides in turkey poults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Shaimaa K.","family":"Hamad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sungwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samer W.","family":"El-Kadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rami A.","family":"Dalloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2013.04.019","article-title":"Avian host defense peptides","volume":"41","author":"Cuperus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000475","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000475","article-title":"Multi-platform next-generation sequencing of the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Genome assembly and analysis","volume":"8","author":"Dalloul","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.5.661","article-title":"Isolation of antimicrobial peptides from avian heterophils","volume":"56","author":"Evans","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1180","article-title":"Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity","volume":"3","author":"Ganz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2009.10.006","article-title":"Structure-activity relationship of human liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2","volume":"31","author":"Hocquellet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01948","article-title":"Differential gene expression profiles of \u00df-defensins in the crop, intestine, and spleen using a necrotic enteritis model in 2 commercial broiler chicken lines","volume":"91","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2009.11.010","article-title":"Expression and functional analyses of liver expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) variant forms in human tissues","volume":"261","author":"Howard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib8","series-title":"Advances in Host Defense Mechanisms","first-page":"163","article-title":"Intraepithelial lymphocytes in birds","author":"Kasahara","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.749","article-title":"Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of \u00df defensins, multi-functional peptides of the immune system","volume":"12","author":"Kl\u00fcver","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.0213603","article-title":"Isolation and biochemical characterization of LEAP2, a novel blood peptide expressed in the liver","volume":"12","author":"Krause","year":"2003","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u03b4\u03b4CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.03.007","article-title":"Avian beta-defensin nomenclature: a community proposed update","volume":"110","author":"Lynn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-010-9420-3","article-title":"Expression of chicken LEAP-2 in the reproductive organs and embryos and in response to Salmonella enterica infection","volume":"34","author":"Michailidis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04904-7","article-title":"An overview of the immune system","volume":"357","author":"Parkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-011-9512-8","article-title":"Differential gene expression of antimicrobial peptides \u00df defensins in the gastrointestinal tract of Salmonella serovar Pullorum infected broiler chickens","volume":"36","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-003-1409-y","article-title":"On the use of spleen mass as a measure of avian immune system strength","volume":"138","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.01.003","article-title":"Expression of digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters in Eimeria-challenged broilers","volume":"150","author":"Su","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049558","article-title":"Modulation of antimicrobial host defense peptide gene expression by free fatty acids","volume":"7","author":"Sunkara","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02931599","article-title":"Probiotics manipulate host cytokine response and induce antimicrobial peptides","volume":"51","author":"Trebichavsk\u00fd","year":"2006","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6987","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.12.6987-6993.2004","article-title":"Induction of cationic chicken liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 in response to Salmonella enterica infection","volume":"72","author":"Townes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Immun"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.05.034","article-title":"Campylobacter jejuni is highly susceptible to killing by chicken host defense peptide cathelicidin-2 and suppresses intestinal cathelicidin-2 expression in young broilers","volume":"160","author":"van Dijk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.03.028","article-title":"Avian cathelicidins: Paradigms for the development of anti-infectives","volume":"153","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2008.12.015","article-title":"Chicken heterophils are recruited to the site of Salmonella infection and release antibacterial mature Cathelicidin-2 upon stimulation with LPS","volume":"46","author":"Van Dijk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.12.006","article-title":"Avian defensins","volume":"124","author":"van Dijk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3390\/ph6060728","article-title":"Database-guided discovery of potent peptides to combat HIV-1 or superbugs","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev310","article-title":"Expression of small intestinal nutrient transporters in embryonic and posthatch turkeys","volume":"95","author":"Weintraut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(00)76448-4","article-title":"Crystallization of antimicrobial pores in membranes: magainin and protegrin","volume":"79","author":"Yang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib28","first-page":"179","article-title":"The role of cathelicidins in the innate host defenses of mammals","volume":"7","author":"Zanetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps\/pew500_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3390\/ph7030220","article-title":"Avian antimicrobial host defense peptides: from biology to therapeutic applications","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119313963?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119313963?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ps\/article-pdf\/96\/7\/2083\/17730141\/pew500.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T20:42:19Z","timestamp":1758487339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579119313963"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579119313963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps\/pew500","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative expression of host defense peptides in turkey poults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps\/pew500","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}