{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:00:33Z","timestamp":1791280833618,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1965,1,1]],"date-time":"1965-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-157766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1965,1,1]],"date-time":"1965-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-157766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,19]],"date-time":"2019-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20014,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]},"DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0440215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,21]],"date-time":"2012-04-21T12:29:44Z","timestamp":1335011384000},"page":"215-221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Pathogenicity Studies on Trichomonas gallinarum in Domestic Poultry"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"R.L.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.M.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.2307\/3222971","article-title":"A Pentatrichomonas associated with certain cases of enterohepatitis or blackhead of poultry","volume":"55","author":"Allen","year":"1936","journal-title":"Trans. Am. Microscop. Soc."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib2","first-page":"65","article-title":"A redescription of Trichomonas gallinarum Martin and Robertson, 1911, from the chicken and turkey","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"1940","journal-title":"Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib3","first-page":"214","article-title":"Macroscopic differentiation of lesions of Histomoniasis and trichomoniasis in turkeys","volume":"2","author":"Allen","year":"1941","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/16.6.380","article-title":"Improved egg yolk infusion for cultivation of Entamoeba histolytica and other intestinal protozoa","volume":"16","author":"Balamuth","year":"1946","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib5","series-title":"Diseases of Poultry","first-page":"828","article-title":"Protozoa","author":"Becker","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib6","first-page":"181","article-title":"Histomonas meleagridis in domestic fowls (Callus gallus)","volume":"30","author":"Bishop","year":"1938","journal-title":"Cultivation and experimental infection. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib7","article-title":"Occurrence of trichomonad flagellates in the blood stream of fowls","volume":"173","author":"Cooper","year":"1928","journal-title":"Bull."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(57)90031-0","article-title":"Effect of inoculating the chicken and the turkey with a strain of Trichomonas gallinarum","volume":"6","author":"Delappe","year":"1957","journal-title":"Exptl. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib9","first-page":"493","article-title":"Blackhead (infectious enterohepatitis) in turkeys, with notes on other intestinal protozoa","volume":"392","author":"DeVolt","year":"1936","journal-title":"Maryland Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib10","first-page":"76","article-title":"Mortality in young turkeys associated with trichomoniasis","volume":"41","author":"Gierke","year":"1936","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 88, n.s."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.2307\/1587900","article-title":"The protozoan etiology of blackhead","volume":"6","author":"Goedbloed","year":"1962","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0330084","article-title":"Studies on the pathogenesis of infectious enterohepatitis (blackhead) of turkeys","volume":"33","author":"Harrison","year":"1954","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/61.2.184","article-title":"Trichomoniasis of turkeys","volume":"61","author":"Hawn","year":"1937","journal-title":"J. Infect. Disease"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib14","series-title":"Diseases of Poultry","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Diseases of the turkey","author":"Hinshaw","year":"1959"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib15","unstructured":"Hinshaw, W. R. 1964. Personal communication."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib16","first-page":"281","article-title":"The relationship of Hexamita sp to an enteritis of turkey poults","volume":"28","author":"Hinshaw","year":"1938","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib17","series-title":"A study of Histomonas meleagridis in cultures and in the tissues of the host. M.S. Thesis","first-page":"75","author":"Jensen","year":"1951"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-67-16285","article-title":"Nutritional requirements of Trichomonas vaginalis","volume":"67","author":"Kupferberg","year":"1948","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib19","series-title":"Protozoan Parasites of Domestic Animals and of Man","first-page":"99","article-title":"The Trichomonads","author":"Levine","year":"1961"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1963.tb01696.x","article-title":"Histomonas wenrichi n sp. (Mastigophora: Mastigamoebidae), a nonpathogenic parasite of gallinaceous birds","volume":"10","author":"Lund","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Protozool."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trichomoniasis of turkeys","volume":"498","author":"McDougle","year":"1946","journal-title":"Missouri Agr. Exptl. Sta. Bull."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2307\/3274353","article-title":"The survival of Trichomonas gallinarum in chicken droppings","volume":"43","author":"McLoughlin","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib23","unstructured":"McLoughlin, D. K. 1963. Personal communication."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0210120","article-title":"Fever therapy in the control of cecal and liver trichomoniasis in turkeys","volume":"21","author":"Olsen","year":"1942","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1960.tb03749.x","article-title":"Trichomoniasis in chickens","volume":"36","author":"Rac","year":"1960","journal-title":"Australian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib26","first-page":"373","article-title":"Studies on experimental epidemiology of intestinal protozoan infections in birds","volume":"20","author":"Richardson","year":"1934","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib27","unstructured":"Spindler, L. A. 1964. Personal communication."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(54)90035-1","article-title":"Trichomonas gallinae: a review","volume":"3","author":"Stabler","year":"1954","journal-title":"Exptl. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib29","unstructured":"Tumlin, J. 1964. Personal communication."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developmental phase of the protozoan of \u201c blackhead\u201d in turkeys","volume":"40","author":"Tyzzer","year":"1919","journal-title":"J. Med. Res."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib31","first-page":"43","article-title":"Enterohepatitis (Blackhead) in turkeys. I. Pentatrichomonas associated with enterohepatitis and its propagation in de-veloping chick embryos","volume":"12","author":"Walker","year":"1948","journal-title":"Canad J. Comp. Med. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib32","unstructured":"Wehr, E. E. 1960. Personal communication."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0440215_bib33","first-page":"441","article-title":"Trichomoniasis of chicks","volume":"2","author":"Weinzirl","year":"1917","journal-title":"A new and highly fatal disease. J. Bacterial."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119435220?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119435220?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ps\/article-pdf\/44\/1\/215\/4463757\/poultrysci44-0215.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T21:35:00Z","timestamp":1758490500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579119435220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579119435220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.0440215","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1965,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathogenicity Studies on Trichomonas gallinarum in Domestic Poultry","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.0440215","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1965 Poultry Science Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}