{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T22:34:29Z","timestamp":1780698869150,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,6,1]],"date-time":"1996-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":833587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,6,1]],"date-time":"1996-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":833587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8539,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0750755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,21]],"date-time":"2012-04-21T18:33:02Z","timestamp":1335033182000},"page":"755-762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Age Effect of Male and Female Broiler Breeders on Sperm Penetration of the Perivitelline Layer Overlying the Germinal Disc"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"R.K.","family":"BRAMWELL","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.D.","family":"MCDANIEL","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.L.","family":"WILSON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"HOWARTH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib1","series-title":"Aging Gametes, Their Biology and Pathology","first-page":"231","article-title":"Effects of maternal age on ovulation, fertilization and embryonic development","author":"Adams","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0590428","article-title":"Artificial insemination of individually caged broiler breeders 1. Reproductive performance of males in relation to age and strain of females","volume":"59","author":"Ansah","year":"1980","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0080137","article-title":"Observations concerning the time factor in egg production","volume":"8","author":"Atwood","year":"1929","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib4","first-page":"103","article-title":"The influence of aging on ovarian function","volume":"2","author":"Bahr","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Poult. Biol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod17.3.370","article-title":"Hydrolysis of the hen's perivitelline layer by cock sperm in vitro.","volume":"17","author":"Bakst","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib6","series-title":"Summaries from Pushkin Research Laboratory of Livestock Breeding","article-title":"Morphological features of polyspermy fecundation in hens","author":"Bekhtina","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib7","first-page":"148","article-title":"World's Poult","volume":"24","author":"Bekhtina","year":"1968","journal-title":"Sci. J."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0741875","article-title":"Quantitative determination of spermatozoa penetration of the perivitelline layer of the hen's ovum as assessed on oviposited eggs","volume":"74","author":"Bramwell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0720923","article-title":"Sperm storage and transport following natural mating and artificial insemination","volume":"72","author":"Brillard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0652330","article-title":"Influence of spermatozoa numbers and insemination frequency on fertility in dwarf broiler breeder hens","volume":"65","author":"Brillard","year":"1986","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0680558","article-title":"Expression of several traits of fertility in young and old dwarf broiler breeder hens inseminated with duplicate doses of semen","volume":"68","author":"Brillard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0160019","article-title":"The collection of spermatozoa from the domestic fowl and turkey","volume":"16","author":"Burrows","year":"1937","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0602150","article-title":"Effect of insemination intervals on oviducal sperm storage in turkeys","volume":"60","author":"Christensen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib14","first-page":"98","article-title":"Variations in the sperm production, the sperm output and in the number of sperms to be inseminated in aging broiler breeders","volume":"42","author":"de Reviers","year":"1986","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib15","first-page":"293","article-title":"The ovulatory cycle of the hen","volume":"2","author":"Etches","year":"1990","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Poult. Biol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0711374","article-title":"Relationship of hen age and sequence position with fertility, hatchability, viability, and preincubation embryonic development in broiler breeders","volume":"71","author":"Fasenko","year":"1992","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0482109","article-title":"Seasonal decline in fertility of turkey eggs","volume":"48","author":"Harper","year":"1969","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0601075","article-title":"Preservation of the fertilizing capacity of cock semen incubated in vitro at 41 C","volume":"60","author":"Howarth","year":"1981","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib19","series-title":"Reproductive Biology of Poultry","first-page":"61","article-title":"Maturation of spermatozoa and mechanism of fertilization","author":"Howarth","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668008416633","article-title":"Factors affecting the hatchability of eggs from broiler breeders","volume":"21","author":"Kirk","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0671770","article-title":"Acrosome reaction of cock spermatozoa incubated with the perivitelline layer of the hen's ovum","volume":"67","author":"Koyanagi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19890004","article-title":"Recent progress in poultry reproduction","volume":"45","author":"Lake","year":"1989","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0721025","article-title":"Age-related changes in egg production, fertility, embryonic mortality, and hatchability in commercial turkey flocks","volume":"72","author":"Lerner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib24","first-page":"2059","article-title":"Sperm concentration and sperm numbers as related to fertility in chickens","volume":"55","author":"Maeza","year":"1976","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib25","series-title":"Extension Poultry Science Department","article-title":"An analysis of reproductive efficiency in Georgia hatcheries. General Report Number 113","author":"Mauldin","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib26","series-title":"Aging Gametes, Their Biology and Pathology","first-page":"72","article-title":"Chromosomal disorder caused by preovulatory overripeness of oocytes","author":"Mikamo","year":"1975"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00219787","article-title":"The passage through the vitelline membrane in the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus.","volume":"188","author":"Okamura","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0702180","article-title":"Relationships among age of dam, egg components, embryo lipid transfer, and hatchability of broiler breeder eggs","volume":"70","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668908417167","article-title":"Reproductive behavior in poultry: implications for artificial insemination technology","volume":"30","author":"Ottinger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668808417043","article-title":"Effect of age and physiological status on sperm storage 24 hours after artificial insemination in broiler breeder hens","volume":"29","author":"Pierson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1080\/00071669008417318","article-title":"Reproductive senescence in domestic fowl: egg production, sequence length and intersequence pause length","volume":"31","author":"Robinson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib32","series-title":"The Avian Embryo","first-page":"75","article-title":"Fertilization and fertility","author":"Romanoff","year":"1960"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod50.1.129","article-title":"Spermatozoa retention by sertoli cells during the decline in fertility in aging roosters","volume":"50","author":"Rosenstrauch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib34","series-title":"SAS\u00ae User's Guide: Statistics","author":"SAS Institute","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0621700","article-title":"Maximizing the utilization of the male breeder: a review","volume":"62","author":"Sexton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0681688","article-title":"Effect of dietary energy on semen production, fertility, plasma testosterone, and carcass composition of broiler breeder males in cages","volume":"68","author":"Sexton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.0750755_bib37","first-page":"1332","article-title":"Sperm gland populations and late seasonal declines in fertility","volume":"46","author":"Van Krey","year":"1967","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119425418?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119425418?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ps\/article-pdf\/75\/6\/755\/4508365\/poultrysci75-0755.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T21:32:02Z","timestamp":1758490322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579119425418"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579119425418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.0750755","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Age Effect of Male and Female Broiler Breeders on Sperm Penetration of the Perivitelline Layer Overlying the Germinal Disc","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.0750755","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 1996 Poultry Science Association, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}