{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T01:46:58Z","timestamp":1790214418285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]],"date-time":"2019-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3241,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,12]],"date-time":"2010-11-12T18:33:16Z","timestamp":1289586796000},"page":"2565-2572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Beak condition and cage density determine abundance and spatial distribution of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, and chicken body lice, Menacanthus stramineus, on caged laying hens"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"B.A.","family":"Mullens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.L.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.P.","family":"Owen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00489","article-title":"Modification of animals versus modification of the production environment to meet welfare needs","volume":"89","author":"Aggrey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0620424","article-title":"Northern fowl mite population development on laying hens caged at 3 colony sizes","volume":"62","author":"Arthur","year":"1983","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.35.010190.000533","article-title":"Ecology and management of arthropod pests of poultry","volume":"35","author":"Axtell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib4","series-title":"Commercial Chicken Meat and Egg Production","author":"Bell","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0510162","article-title":"The effect of host beak condition on the size of Menacanthus stramineus populations of domestic chickens","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"1972","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2007.01353.x","article-title":"Host defense mediates interspecific competition in ectoparasites","volume":"77","author":"Bush","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Ecol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2009-00361","article-title":"Breeding of tomorrow's chickens to improve well-being","volume":"89","author":"Cheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15694","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2533751100","article-title":"Host defense reinforces host-parasite cospeciation","volume":"100","author":"Clayton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2001)087[1291:CEOFMF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Critical evaluation of 5 methods for quantifying chewing lice (Insecta: Pthiraptera)","volume":"87","author":"Clayton","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.2174\/1874453201003010041","article-title":"How birds combat ectoparasites","volume":"3","author":"Clayton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Ornith. J."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1086\/303237","article-title":"Reciprocal natural selection on host-parasite phenotypes","volume":"154","author":"Clayton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib12","series-title":"Host-Parasite Evolution: General Principles and Avian Models","author":"Clayton","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib13","first-page":"811","article-title":"Adaptive significance of avian beak morphology for ectoparasite control","volume":"272","author":"Clayton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0706.2001.940308.x","article-title":"Influence of host ecology and morphology on the diversity of neotropical bird lice","volume":"94","author":"Clayton","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0711830","article-title":"Beak trimming effects on beak length and feed usage for growth and egg production","volume":"71","author":"Craig","year":"1992","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0550430","article-title":"Effects of the chicken body louse, Menacanthus stramineus, on caged layers","volume":"55","author":"DeVaney","year":"1976","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0571217","article-title":"A survey of poultry ectoparasite problems and their research in the United States","volume":"57","author":"DeVaney","year":"1978","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-2300(03)00031-X","article-title":"Di-alkyl phosphate biomonitoring data: Assessing cumulative exposure to organophosphate pesticides","volume":"37","author":"Duggan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2000.1619","article-title":"Beak-trimming methods\u2014A review","volume":"13","author":"Glatz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Asian-australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0570564","article-title":"Effect of cage densities on northern fowl mite populations in commercial caged layer operations","volume":"57","author":"Hall","year":"1978","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7123238","article-title":"Heritable true fitness and bright birds\u2014A role for parasites","volume":"218","author":"Hamilton","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00104","article-title":"Comparison of beak-trimming methods on early broiler breeder performance","volume":"88","author":"Henderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.5.687","article-title":"Impact of science and management on the welfare of egg laying strains of hens","volume":"84","author":"Hester","year":"2005","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2008.01463.x","article-title":"Effect of tick parasitism on the health status of a passerine bird","volume":"22","author":"Heylen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib25","series-title":"Annotated bibliography of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago) (Acari: Macronyssidae). Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Am. 76","author":"Hogsette","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS19950005","article-title":"Beak trimming of poultry: Its implications for welfare","volume":"51","author":"Hughes","year":"1995","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150490264824","article-title":"Untangling coevolutionary history","volume":"53","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2307\/3273425","article-title":"Preliminary observations on the relation of nutrition to pediculosis of rats and chickens","volume":"35","author":"Kartman","year":"1949","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(93)90153-7","article-title":"Ectoparasites: Direct impact on host fitness","volume":"9","author":"Lehmann","year":"1993","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/25.3.183","article-title":"Host digestion to determine northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Acari: Macronyssidae), populations on mature chickens","volume":"25","author":"Lemke","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib31","series-title":"Bird-Parasite Interactions: Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior","author":"Loye","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib32","series-title":"The Ecology of Ectoparasitic Insects","author":"Marshall","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib33","series-title":"Development of northern fowl mite: Populations on chickens, effects on the host, and immunology. Search Agric. 4(9)","author":"Matthysse","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib34","first-page":"107","article-title":"The welfare of poultry in modern production systems","volume":"4","author":"Mench","year":"1992","journal-title":"Poult. Sci. Rev."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2004.00694.x","article-title":"Parasitism, immune defense and dispersal","volume":"17","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-004-1735-8","article-title":"Parasite biodiversity and host defenses: Chewing lice and immune response of their avian hosts","volume":"142","author":"M\u00f8ller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1093\/condor\/104.3.675","article-title":"Influence of bill shape on ectoparasite load in Western Scrub-Jays","volume":"104","author":"Moyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Condor"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493-93.3.1045","article-title":"Monitoring northern fowl mites in caged laying hens: Feasibility of an egg-based sampling system","volume":"93","author":"Mullens","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.076","article-title":"Temporal changes in distribution, prevalence and intensity of northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) parasitism in commercial caged laying hens, with a comprehensive economic analysis of parasite impact","volume":"160","author":"Mullens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.3.365","article-title":"Acaricide resistance in northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) populations on caged layer operations in Southern California","volume":"83","author":"Mullens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-4758(87)90105-0","article-title":"Effects of host grooming on louse populations","volume":"3","author":"Murray","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parasitol. Today"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib42","series-title":"Parasitism and Behavior","first-page":"290","article-title":"Influence of host behavior on some ectoparasites of birds and mammals","author":"Murray","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.12.008","article-title":"Host inflammatory response governs fitness in an avian ectoparasite, the northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum)","volume":"39","author":"Owen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-008-0314-2","article-title":"MHC haplotype involvement in avian resistance to an ectoparasite","volume":"60","author":"Owen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(02)00024-7","article-title":"Ecto-endo- and haemoparasites in free-range chickens in the Goromonzi District in Zambia","volume":"54","author":"Permin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib46","series-title":"Chewing and sucking lice as parasites of mammals and birds. USDA-ARS Tech. Bull. 1849","author":"Price","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.2307\/3283742","article-title":"An experimental test of the site specificity of preening to control lice in feral pigeons","volume":"79","author":"R\u00f3zsa","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1591(02)00281-2","article-title":"Changing concepts of farm animal welfare: Bridging the gap between applied and basic research","volume":"81","author":"Rushen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1079\/WPS200569","article-title":"Management and housing systems for layers\u2014Effects on welfare and production","volume":"61","author":"Tauson","year":"2005","journal-title":"World's Poult. Sci. Assoc."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(91)90016-Z","article-title":"The distribution of lice (Pthiraptera) on poultry (Gallus gallus)","volume":"21","author":"Trivedi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib51","series-title":"Laying Hen Husbandry Guidelines","author":"United Egg Producers","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2010-00955_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-310R","article-title":"Effects of host sociality on ectoparasite population biology","volume":"90","author":"Whiteman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119424474?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119424474?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ps\/article-pdf\/89\/12\/2565\/4316139\/poultrysci89-2565.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T21:31:25Z","timestamp":1758490285000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579119424474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579119424474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.2010-00955","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beak condition and cage density determine abundance and spatial distribution of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum, and chicken body lice, Menacanthus stramineus, on caged laying hens","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.2010-00955","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Poultry Science Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}