{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:10:09Z","timestamp":1790856609502,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1987,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Poultry Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,3]],"date-time":"2014-05-03T04:54:38Z","timestamp":1399092878000},"page":"1289-1297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Red light is necessary to activate the reproductive axis in chickens independently of the retina of the eye"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.R.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.Y.","family":"B\u00e9d\u00e9carrats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2009.03.010","article-title":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor signaling and its impact on reproduction in chickens","volume":"163","author":"B\u00e9d\u00e9carrats","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(78)90157-0","article-title":"Effect of stressing factors on corticosterone levels in serum of laying hens","volume":"35","author":"Beuving","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.08.005","article-title":"Melatonin stimulates the synthesis and release of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in birds","volume":"181","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0908","article-title":"Melatonin stimulates the release of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone by the avian hypothalamus","volume":"151","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/074873001129002079","article-title":"Photoperiodic control of seasonality in birds","volume":"16","author":"Dawson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Rhythms"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib6","series-title":"Biology of Breeding Poultry","first-page":"61","article-title":"Endocrinology and genetics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis","author":"Dunn","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.1999.00335.x","article-title":"Photo-induction of hypothalamic gonadotrophin releasing hormone-I mRNA in the domestic chicken: A role for oestrogen?","volume":"11","author":"Dunn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/313050a0","article-title":"Rhodopsin-like sensitivity of extra-retinal photoreceptors mediating the photoperiodic response in quail","volume":"313","author":"Foster","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01652","article-title":"Influence of red light on reproductive performance, eggshell ultrastructure, and eye morphology in Thai-native hens","volume":"90","author":"Gongruttananun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.1022","article-title":"A versatile enzyme immunoassay for the determination of progestogens in feces and serum","volume":"20","author":"Graham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0220269","article-title":"Influence of decreased length of different spectral photoperiods on testis development of domestic fowl","volume":"22","author":"Harrison","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(96)80040-0","article-title":"Effects of wavelength and intensity of light in initiation of body fattening and gonadal growth in a migratory bunting under complete and skeleton photoperiods","volume":"60","author":"Kumar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib13","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Light sensitivity of the photoperiodic response system in higher vertebrates: Wavelength and intensity effects","volume":"37","author":"Kumar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/86.4.739","article-title":"Green light during rearing does not significantly affect the performance of egg-type pullets in the laying phase","volume":"86","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2009.11.002","article-title":"The role of retinal and extra-retinal photostimulation in reproductive activity in broiler breeder hens","volume":"38","author":"Mobarkey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.103697","article-title":"The effect of parachlorophenylalanine and active immunization against vasoactive intestinal peptide on reproductive activities of broiler breeder hens photostimulated with green light","volume":"88","author":"Mobarkey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1987.tb00868.x","article-title":"Pineal, retinal, serum melatonin, and N-acetylserotonin rhythms in chicks on reversing light regimen and eye covering","volume":"4","author":"Nir","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Pineal Res."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib18","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry","author":"NRC","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib19","first-page":"757","article-title":"Effects of wavelengths of light on the photoperiodic gonadal response of blinded-pinealectomized Japanese-Quail","volume":"10","author":"Oishi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Zoolog. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib20","first-page":"242","article-title":"Endocrinology of the avian reproductive system","volume":"9","author":"Ottinger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Avian Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-6480(74)90026-4","article-title":"Melatonin in chicken brain\u2014Its origin, diurnal-variation, and regional distribution","volume":"22","author":"Pang","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(72)80107-4","article-title":"Mass spectral identification of melatonin in blood","volume":"46","author":"Pelham","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas2012-053","article-title":"Blindness in Smoky Joe roosters results in advanced sexual maturation","volume":"92","author":"Perttula","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.3.452","article-title":"The effects of color of lighting on the behavior and production of meat chickens","volume":"76","author":"Prayitno","year":"1997","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/76.12.1674","article-title":"The effects of color and intensity of light on behavior and leg disorders in broiler chickens","volume":"76","author":"Prayitno","year":"1997","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(87)90045-8","article-title":"The effect of light wavelength on the production and quality of eggs of the domestic hen","volume":"28","author":"Pyrzak","year":"1987","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod35.5.1096","article-title":"Ovarian steroidogenesis during follicular maturation in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus)","volume":"35","author":"Robinson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/83.5.842","article-title":"The effect of a green and blue monochromatic light combination on broiler growth and development","volume":"83","author":"Rozenboim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/77.11.1695","article-title":"New monochromatic light source for laying hens","volume":"77","author":"Rozenboim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4530(94)90047-7","article-title":"Detection and transduction of daylength in birds","volume":"19","author":"Saldanha","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/074873040101600105","article-title":"Direct innervation of GnRH neurons by encephalic photoreceptors in birds","volume":"16","author":"Saldanha","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Rhythms"},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879700900411","article-title":"A new inherited ocular anomaly in pigmented White Leghorn chickens","volume":"9","author":"Salter","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0720897","article-title":"Photoperiodic control of reproduction in the domestic hen","volume":"72","author":"Sharp","year":"1993","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0591122","article-title":"Participation of the eyes in the photostimulation of chickens","volume":"59","author":"Siopes","year":"1980","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-396X(200212)194:2<380::AID-PSSA380>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"High power LEDs\u2014Technology status and market applications","volume":"194","author":"Steranka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi A Appl. Res."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02848","article-title":"Inner retinal cell development is impaired in Smoky Joe chickens","volume":"92","author":"Tran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2010.03.001","article-title":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and its control of central and peripheral reproductive function","volume":"31","author":"Tsutsui","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523811000022","article-title":"What the bird's brain tells the bird's eye: The function of descending input to the avian retina","volume":"28","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vis. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03799_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2010.03.029","article-title":"Activation of the chicken gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone receptor reduces gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor signaling","volume":"167","author":"Shimizu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Poultry Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119361279?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0032579119361279?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ps\/article-pdf\/93\/5\/1289\/4324293\/1289.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T21:04:36Z","timestamp":1758488676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0032579119361279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0032579119361279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.2013-03799","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5791"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5791","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Red light is necessary to activate the reproductive axis in chickens independently of the retina of the eye","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Poultry Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/ps.2013-03799","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Poultry Science Association Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}