{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T19:34:17Z","timestamp":1782761657990,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Cognitive computers<\/jats:italic> (\u03ba<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>) are intelligent processors advanced from data and information processing to autonomous knowledge learning and intelligence generation. This work presents a retrospective and prospective review of the odyssey toward \u03ba<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic> empowered by transdisciplinary basic research and engineering advances. A wide range of fundamental theories and innovative technologies for \u03ba<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic> is explored, and a set of underpinning <jats:italic>intelligent mathematics<\/jats:italic> (IM) is created. The architectures of \u03ba<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic> for cognitive computing and <jats:italic>Autonomous Intelligence Generation<\/jats:italic> (AIG) are designed as a brain-inspired cognitive engine. Applications of \u03ba<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic> in <jats:italic>autonomous AI<\/jats:italic> (AAI) are demonstrated by pilot projects. This work reveals that AIG will no longer be a privilege restricted only to humans via the odyssey to \u03ba<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic> toward training-free and self-inferencing computers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2023.1152592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T14:06:10Z","timestamp":1684505170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The odyssey to next-generation computers: cognitive computers (\u03baC) inspired by the brain and powered by intelligent mathematics"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yingxu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Widrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. A. R.","family":"Hoare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Witold","family":"Pedrycz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Berwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos N.","family":"Plataniotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imre J.","family":"Rudas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Kacprzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Prior Analytics, Translated by Robin Smith","year":"1989"},{"key":"B2","volume-title":"Analytical Engine","author":"Babbage","year":"1822"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Mathematical Methods in Artificial Intelligence.","author":"Bender","year":"2000"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.12.002","article-title":"Evolution, brain, and the nature of language","volume":"17","author":"Berwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"B5","volume-title":"Tuning Metaheuristics: A Machine Learning Perspective","author":"Birattari","year":"2001"},{"key":"B6","volume-title":"The Laws of Thought","author":"Boole","year":"1854"},{"key":"B7","volume-title":"Data Mining Methods for Knowledge Discovery","author":"Cios","year":"2012"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1985.0070","article-title":"Quantum theory, the Church\u2013Turing principle and the universal quantum computer","volume":"400","author":"David","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1145\/363235.363259","article-title":"An axiomatic basis for computer programming","volume":"12","author":"Hoare","year":"1969","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"HoareC. A. R.\n          Unified Theories of Programming. Oxford University Computing Laboratory1994"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1145\/27651.27653","article-title":"Laws of programming","volume":"30","author":"Hoare","year":"1987","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2022.3221999","article-title":"Toward semantic communications: deep learning-based image semantic coding","volume":"1","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Selected Areas Commun."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/03081070108960702","article-title":"Linguistic summaries of data using fuzzy logic","volume":"30","author":"Kacprzyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. General Syst."},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times","author":"Kline","year":"1972"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/300307.1040360","volume-title":"Elements of the Theory of Computation","author":"Lewis","year":"1998"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence","author":"McCarthy","year":"1955"},{"key":"B17","volume-title":"The Principia: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy","author":"Newton","year":"1729"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470168967","volume-title":"Fuzzy Systems Engineering: Toward Human-Centric Computing","author":"Pedrycz","year":"2007"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"6","article-title":"\u201cAre you surprised? The role of contextual surprise in designing autonomous systems (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"IEEE 21st Int'l Conf. on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing","author":"Plataniotis","year":"2022"},{"key":"B20","first-page":"132","article-title":"Intelligent systems","volume":"3","author":"Rudas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Commun. Control"},{"key":"B21","volume-title":"The Principles of Mathematics","author":"Russell","year":"1903"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.01.043","article-title":"Organizing principles of astrocytic nanoarchitecture in the mouse cerebral cortex","volume":"33","author":"Salmon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","article-title":"A mathematical theory of communication","volume":"27","author":"Shannon","year":"1948","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8658-8","volume-title":"Medial Representations: Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2008"},{"key":"B25","volume-title":"The Princeton Companion to Mathematics","author":"Timothy","year":"2008"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LIX.236.433","article-title":"Computing machinery and intelligence","volume":"59","author":"Turing","year":"1950","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2016.1092","article-title":"Formal properties and mathematical rules of concept algebra for cognitive machine learning (II)","volume":"5","author":"Valipour","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"51","article-title":"\u201cBuilding semantic hierarchies of formal concepts by deep cognitive machine learning,\u201d","volume-title":"16th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing","author":"Valipour","year":"2017"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1109\/MAHC.1981.10025","article-title":"The principles of large-scale computing machines","volume":"3","author":"von Neumann","year":"1946","journal-title":"Ann. Hist. Comput."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020561826073","article-title":"The real-time process algebra (RTPA)","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025401527570","article-title":"On cognitive informatics","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Mind Transdiscip. J. Neurosci. Neurophil."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4018\/jcini.2007070105","article-title":"The OAR model of neural informatics for internal knowledge representation in the brain","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int'l J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4018\/jcini.2008040106","article-title":"Deductive semantics of RTPA","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87563-5_4","article-title":"Mathematical laws of software","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Trans. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87563-5_2","article-title":"On contemporary denotational mathematics for computational intelligence","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Trans. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4018\/jcini.2008010102","article-title":"On the big-R notation for describing iterative and recursive behaviors","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int'l J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.4018\/jcini.2008040103","article-title":"RTPA: a denotational mathematics for manipulating intelligent and computational behaviors","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B38","volume-title":"Software Engineering Foundations: A Software Science Perspective","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/jssci.2009010101","article-title":"On abstract intelligence: toward a unified theory of natural, artificial, machinable, and computational intelligence","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intel."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/jssci.2009070101","article-title":"On cognitive computing","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intel."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793351X10001061","article-title":"On concept algebra for computing with words (CWW)","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Semantic Comput."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4018\/jcini.2011100105","article-title":"Inference algebra (IA): a denotational mathematics for cognitive computing and machine reasoning (I)","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2012.1001","article-title":"Editorial: contemporary mathematics as a metamethodology of science, engineering, society, and humanity","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2012.1002","article-title":"In search of denotational mathematics: novel mathematical means for contemporary intelligence, brain, and knowledge sciences","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4018\/jcini.2012010102","article-title":"Inference algebra (IA): a denotational mathematics for cognitive computing and machine reasoning (II)","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4018\/jcini.2012100103","article-title":"On abstract intelligence and brain informatics: mapping cognitive functions of the brain onto its neural structures","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2012.1009","article-title":"On denotational mathematics foundations for the next generation of computers: cognitive computers for knowledge processing","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2013.1039","article-title":"On semantic algebra: a denotational mathematics for cognitive linguistics, machine learning, and cognitive computing","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4018\/ijssci.2014040103","article-title":"On a novel cognitive knowledge base (CKB) for cognitive robots and machine learning","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intel."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2014.1060","article-title":"Software science: on general mathematical models and formal properties of software","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B51","article-title":"\u201cCognitive soft computing: philosophical, mathematical, and theoretical foundations of cognitive robotics (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"6th World Conference on Soft Computing (WConSC'16)","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2016.1096","article-title":"Big data algebra (BDA): a denotational mathematical structure for big data science and engineering","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJCINI.2016040101","article-title":"On cognitive foundations and mathematical theories of knowledge science","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B54","article-title":"\u201cCognitive machine learning and reasoning by cognitive robots (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"3rd International Conference on Intelligence and Interactive Systems and Applications (IIAS'18)","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCICC50026.2020.9450252","article-title":"\u201cIntelligent mathematics (IM): indispensable mathematical means for general AI, autonomous systems, deep knowledge learning, cognitive robots, and intelligence science (keynote)\u201d","volume-title":"IEEE 19th Int'l Conf. on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"B56","article-title":"\u201cAdvances in intelligence mathematics (IM) following Lotfi Zadeh's vision on fuzzy logic and semantic computing (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"2021 Meeting of North America Fuzzy Information Processing Society, (NAFIPS'21)","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B57","article-title":"\u201cOn intelligent mathematics (IM): what's missing in general ai and cognitive computing?\u201d","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"4th International Conference on Physics"},{"key":"B58","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cOn intelligent mathematics for AI (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"Int'l Conf. on Frontiers of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766053","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2021.766053","article-title":"On the frontiers of software science and software engineering","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Front. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"B60","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cFrom data-aggregative learning to cognitive knowledge learning enabled by autonomous AI theories and intelligent mathematics (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"2022 Future Technologies Conference (FTC'22)","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B61","first-page":"45","article-title":"\u201cOn abstract sciences: from data, information, knowledge to intelligence sciences,\u201d","volume-title":"IEEE 21","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B62","first-page":"6","article-title":"\u201cOn intelligent mathematics underpinning contemporary abstract sciences and autonomous ai (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"IEEE 21st Int'l Conf. on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B63","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cOn the goldbach theorem: a formal proof of goldbach conjecture by the theory of mirror prime decomposition (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"2022 International Workshop on AI and Computational Intelligence","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B64","article-title":"\u201cOn the latest proof of twin-prime (TP) conjecture: a discovery of TP \u2282 MP (mirror primes) \u2282 P x P in the hyperspace (keynote),\u201d","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"7"},{"key":"B65","article-title":"\u201cOn the recent proof of goldbach conjecture: from euclidean prime factorization to mirror prime decompositions of even integers in number theory (keynote),\u201d","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"7"},{"key":"B66","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cWhat can't AI do? The emergence of autonomous AI (AAI) beyond data convolution and pretrained learning (keynote),\u201d","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.37394\/23206.2022.21.63","article-title":"A proof of goldbach conjecture by mirror-prime decomposition","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans. Math."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.37394\/23206.2022.21.66","article-title":"A proof of the twin prime conjecture in the P x P space","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans. Math."},{"key":"B69","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cBasic research on machine vision underpinned by image frame algebra (VFA) and visual semantic algebra (VSA) (keynote),\u201d","volume-title":"7th Int'l Conference on Machine Vision and Information Technology (CMVIT'23)","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2012.1019","article-title":"Towards a formal framework of cognitive linguistics","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200362","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2020.0362","article-title":"On the philosophical, cognitive and mathematical foundations of symbiotic autonomous systems","volume":"379","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3233\/FI-2009-0015","article-title":"A doctrine of cognitive informatics","volume":"90","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fund. Inform."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2018.00177","article-title":"\u201cBrain-inspired systems (BIS): cognitive foundations and applications,\u201d","volume-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793005717400026","article-title":"On the cognitive and theoretical foundations of big data science and engineering","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. New Math. Nat. Comput."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/jssci.2011100101","article-title":"A formal knowledge representation system (FKRS) for the intelligent knowledge base of a cognitive learning engine","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Softw. Sci. Comput. Intel"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1166\/jama.2016.1091","article-title":"Formal properties and mathematical rules of concept algebra for cognitive machine learning (I)","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adv. Math. Appl."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4018\/IJCINI.2016070102","article-title":"Quantitative semantic analysis and comprehension by cognitive machine learning","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2006.871126","article-title":"A layered reference model of the brain (LRMB)","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"B79","first-page":"253","article-title":"\u201cIEEE ICCI*CC series in year 20: latest advances in cognitive informatics and cognitive computing towards general AI (plenary panel report-I),\u201d","volume-title":"IEEE 20th International Conference on Cognitive Informatics and Cognitive Computing (ICCI","author":"Wang","year":""},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJCINI.2016100101","article-title":"Cognitive intelligence: deep learning, thinking, and reasoning with brain-inspired systems","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJCINI.2017010101","article-title":"Abstract intelligence: embodying and enabling cognitive systems by mathematical engineering","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Inform. Nat. Intel."},{"key":"B82","volume-title":"Cybernetics","author":"Widrow","year":"2022"},{"key":"B83","volume-title":"Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine","author":"Wiener","year":"1948"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4660.001.0001","volume-title":"The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences.","author":"Wilson","year":"1999"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(97)00077-8","article-title":"Toward a theory of fuzzy information granulation and its centrality in human reasoning and fuzzy logic","volume":"90","author":"Zadeh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Fuzzy Sets Syst."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomp.2023.1152592\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T14:06:47Z","timestamp":1684505207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomp.2023.1152592\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcomp.2023.1152592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomp.2023.1152592","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-9898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2624-9898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]]},"article-number":"1152592"}}