{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T07:43:01Z","timestamp":1765438981948,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized various sectors, including Cultural Heritage (CH) and Creative Industries (CI), defining novel opportunities and challenges in preserving tangible and intangible human productions. In such a context, Neural Rendering (NR) paradigms play the pivotal role of 3D reconstructing objects or scenes by optimizing images depicting them. However, there is a lack of work examining the ethical concerns associated with its usage. Those are particularly relevant in scenarios where NR is applied to items protected by intellectual property rights, UNESCO-recognized heritage sites, or items critical for data-driven decisions. For this, we here outline the main ethical findings in this area and place them in a novel framework to guide stakeholders and developers through principles and risks associated with the use of NR in CH and CI. Such a framework examines AI's ethical principles, connected to NR, CH, and CI, supporting the definition of novel ethical guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2024.1459807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]],"date-time":"2024-10-02T04:51:32Z","timestamp":1727844692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An ethical framework for trustworthy Neural Rendering applied in cultural heritage and creative industries"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Stacchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Balloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"Gorgoglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benedetta","family":"Giovanola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Tiribelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Primo","family":"Zingaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00902","article-title":"Gaussian shell maps for efficient 3D human generation","author":"Abdal","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.17857"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8984","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35795-0","article-title":"Machine learning explainability in nasopharyngeal cancer survival using lime and shap","volume":"13","author":"Alabi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2401.05520","article-title":"From pampas to pixels: fine-tuning diffusion models for ga\\'ucho heritage","author":"Amadeus","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.05520"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2007.03051","article-title":"Carbontracker: tracking and predicting the carbon footprint of training deep learning models","author":"Anthony","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2007.03051"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2112.01516","article-title":"Ownership and creativity in generative models","author":"Avrahami","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.01516"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP49359.2023.10222144","article-title":"\u201cPS-NeRV: patch-wise stylized neural representations for videos,\u201d","volume-title":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)","author":"Bai","year":"2023"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7617","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197617","article-title":"Low power environmental image sensors for remote photogrammetry","volume":"22","author":"Balde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-155-2023","article-title":"Few shot photogrametry: a comparison between nerf and mvs-sfm for the documentation of cultural heritage","volume":"48","author":"Balloni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Archiv. Photogrammet. Rem. Sens. Spat. Inform. Sci"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15487","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2010.12265","article-title":"Model interpretability through the lens of computational complexity","volume":"33","author":"Barcel\u00f3","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1145\/1531326.1531330","article-title":"Patchmatch: a randomized correspondence algorithm for structural image editing","volume":"28","author":"Barnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W4-2024-57-2024","article-title":"Evolution of rendering based on radiance fields. the palermo case study for a comparison between nerf and gaussian splatting","volume":"48","author":"Basso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Archiv. Photogrammet. Rem. Sens. Spat. Inform. Sci"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-1950-5.ch004","article-title":"\u201cThe human-machine nexus with art-making generative AIS,\u201d","author":"Bhambri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Making Art With Generative AI Tools"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5244\/C.25.14","article-title":"\u201cPatchmatch stereo-stereo matching with slanted support windows,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC)","author":"Bleyer","year":"2011"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"280","article-title":"\u201cMonster: a deep learning-based system for the automatic generation of gaming assets,\u201d","volume-title":"International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing","author":"Brocchini","year":"2022"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1080\/08985626.2022.2115559","article-title":"How local geography shapes firm geography","volume":"34","author":"Cainelli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Entrepr. Region. Dev"},{"key":"B16","first-page":"15713","article-title":"\u201cFWD: real-time novel view synthesis with forward warping and depth,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Cao","year":"2022"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab808","article-title":"Deepcel0 for 2D single-molecule localization in fluorescence microscopy","volume":"38","author":"Cascarano","year":"","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e041002","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4056470","article-title":"On the first-order optimization methods in deep image prior","volume":"7","author":"Cascarano","year":"","journal-title":"J. Verif. Valid. Uncertain. Quantif"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2024.051608","article-title":"MarkNerf: watermarking for neural radiance field","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.11747"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLIII-B2-2021-565-2021","article-title":"A comparison between 3D reconstruction using NERF neural networks and mvs algorithms on cultural heritage images","volume":"43","author":"Condorelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Archiv. Photogrammet. Rem. Sens. Spat. Inform. Sci"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-453-2023","article-title":"Neural radiance fields (NeRF): review and potential applications to digital cultural heritage","volume":"48","author":"Croce","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Archiv. Photogrammet. Rem. Sens. Spat. Inform. Sci"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2303.05807","article-title":"Aleth-NeRF: low-light condition view synthesis with concealing fields","author":"Cui","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.05807"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/drones6090242","article-title":"Structure-from-motion 3D reconstruction of the historical overpass ponte della cerra: a comparison between micmac\u00ae open source software and metashape\u00ae","volume":"6","author":"Cutugno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3444465.3444535","article-title":"\u201cNeural network modeling as a method for creating digital twins: from industry 4.0 to industry 4.1,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific Conference on Innovations in Digital Economy","author":"Dashkina","year":"2020"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSSMET.2017010105","article-title":"Perceptual metrics quality: comparative study for 3D static meshes","volume":"8","author":"Elloumi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Serv. Sci. Manag. Eng. Technol"},{"key":"B26","unstructured":"Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (ALTAI) for Self-assessment"},{"key":"B27","unstructured":"39050815White Paper on Artificial Intelligence: A European Approach to Excellence and Trust"},{"key":"B28","unstructured":"Cultural Heritage and Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIS)"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.3390\/app14051825","article-title":"Application of neural radiance fields (NeRFs) for 3D model representation in the industrial metaverse","volume":"14","author":"Fabra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"213","article-title":"\u201cDocumentation of syrian lost heritage: from 3D reconstruction to open information system,\u201d","volume-title":"Challenges, Strategies and High-Tech Applications for Saving the Cultural Heritage of Syria","author":"Fangi","year":"2022"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-10960-7_5","article-title":"\u201cThe ethics of creative AI,\u201d","volume-title":"The Language of Creative AI: Practices, Aesthetics and Structures","author":"Flick","year":"2022"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3579371.3589109","article-title":"\u201cGen-NeRF: Efficient and generalizable neural radiance fields via algorithm-hardware co-design,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","author":"Fu","year":"2023"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.161","article-title":"Accurate, dense and robust multiview stereopsis","volume":"32","author":"Furukawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pat. Anal. Machine Intell"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2210.00379","article-title":"NeRF: neural radiance field in 3D vision, a comprehensive review","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.00379"},{"key":"B35","first-page":"49","article-title":"\u201cThe role of internal capital market in business groups,\u201d","volume-title":"The Palgrave Handbook of Managing Family Business Groups","author":"Giannini","year":"2022"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599.2019.1571668","article-title":"Local variety and innovation performance in the EU textile and clothing industry","volume":"28","author":"Giannini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Econ. Innov. N. Technol"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cMulti-view stereo for community photo collections,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)","author":"Goesele","year":"2007"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"341","article-title":"\u201cOn quantizing implicit neural representations,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision","author":"Gordon","year":"2023"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00512","article-title":"Sugar: surface-aligned gaussian splatting for efficient 3D mesh reconstruction and high-quality mesh rendering","author":"Gu\u00e9don","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.12775"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-013-0337-2","article-title":"Real-time multi-camera video analytics system on GPU","volume":"11","author":"Guler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Real-Time Image Process"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s10502-015-9258-0","article-title":"Re-imaging and re-imagining the past after \u201cmemoricide\u201d: intimate archives as inscribed memories of the missing","volume":"16","author":"Halilovich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Archiv. Sci"},{"key":"B42","first-page":"19740","article-title":"\u201cInstruct-NeRF2NeRF: editing 3D scenes with instructions,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Haque","year":"2023"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1166","article-title":"Stereo processing by semiglobal matching and mutual information","volume":"30","author":"Hirschmuller","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pat. Anal. Machine Intell"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-019-00094-3","article-title":"Structure from motion photogrammetry in forestry: a review","volume":"5","author":"Iglhaut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. For. Rep"},{"key":"B45","unstructured":"ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums2018"},{"key":"B46","first-page":"5885","article-title":"\u201cPutting NeRF on a diet: semantically consistent few-shot view synthesis,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Jain","year":"2021"},{"key":"B47","first-page":"3121","article-title":"\u201cMulti-view reconstruction preserving weakly-supported surfaces,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","author":"Jancosek","year":"2011"},{"key":"B48","article-title":"\u201cPlant geometry reconstruction from field data using neural radiance fields,\u201d","author":"Jignasu","year":"2023","journal-title":"2nd AAAI Workshop on AI for Agriculture and Food Systems"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0088-2","article-title":"The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines","volume":"1","author":"Jobin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Machine Intell"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2104.01109","article-title":"AI fairness via domain adaptation","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.01109"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3592433","DOI":"10.1145\/3592433","article-title":"3D Gaussian splatting for real-time radiance field rendering","volume":"42","author":"Kerbl","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph"},{"key":"B52","first-page":"12912","article-title":"\u201cInfoNeRF: ray entropy minimization for few-shot neural volume rendering,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Kim","year":"2022"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2206.11952","article-title":"UNeRF: time and memory conscious U-shaped network for training neural radiance fields","author":"Kuganesan","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.11952"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"198","article-title":"\u201cViewformer: NeRF-free neural rendering from few images using transformers,\u201d","volume-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Kulh\u00e1nek","year":"2022"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3579371.3589056","article-title":"\u201cNeurex: a case for neural rendering acceleration,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","author":"Lee","year":"2023"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.12873","article-title":"Neural surface reconstruction with saliency-guided sampling in multi-view","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IET Image Process"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"3227","article-title":"\u201cClimateNeRF: extreme weather synthesis in neural radiance field,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"B58","first-page":"9298","article-title":"\u201cZero-1-to-3: zero-shot one image to 3D object,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"B59","article-title":"\u201cRecurrent neural networks applied to GNSS time series for denoising and prediction,\u201d","volume-title":"26th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME 2019)","author":"Loli Piccolomini","year":"2019"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2310.15008","article-title":"Wonder3D: aingle image to 3D using cross-domain diffusion","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.15008"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1145\/37401.37422","article-title":"\u201cMarching cubes: a high resolution 3d surface construction algorithm,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH '87","author":"Lorensen","year":"1987"},{"key":"B62","first-page":"22401","article-title":"\u201cCopyrNeRF: protecting the copyright of neural radiance fields,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Luo","year":"2023"},{"volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence Act","year":"2021","author":"Madiega","key":"B63"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-15546-8_5","article-title":"\u201cTryiton: a virtual dressing room with motion tracking and physically based garment simulation,\u201d","author":"Manfredi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Extended Reality"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1145\/3579831","article-title":"TreeSketchNet: from sketch to 3D tree parameters generation","volume":"14","author":"Manfredi","year":"","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging9040076","article-title":"ViCo-DR: a collaborative virtual dressing room for image consulting","volume":"9","author":"Manfredi","year":"","journal-title":"J. Imag"},{"key":"B67","first-page":"7210","article-title":"\u201cNeRF in the wild: neural radiance fields for unconstrained photo collections,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Martin-Brualla","year":"2021"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-1051-2023","article-title":"Nerf for heritage 3D reconstruction","volume":"48","author":"Mazzacca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. Archiv. Photogram. Rem. Sens. Spat. Inform. Sci"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6555","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6347496","article-title":"\u201cMesh-based approach for the 3D analysis of anatomical structures of interest in radiotherapy,\u201d","volume-title":"2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","author":"Mejia-Rodriguez","year":"2012"},{"key":"B70","first-page":"248","article-title":"\u201cNeAT: learning neural implicit surfaces with arbitrary topologies from multi-view images,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Meng","year":"2023"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1430\/107739","article-title":"How does the localization of innovative start-ups near the universities influence their performance?","volume":"44","author":"Micozzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"L'industria"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1145\/3503250","article-title":"NeRF: representing scenes as neural radiance fields for view synthesis","volume":"65","author":"Mildenhall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1145\/3528223.3530127","article-title":"Instant neural graphics primitives with a multiresolution hash encoding","volume":"41","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graph"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58571-6_25","article-title":"\u201cAtlas: end-to-end 3D scene reconstruction from posed images,\u201d","volume-title":"Computer Vision\u2013ECCV 2020: 16th European Conference, Glasgow, UK, August 23\u201328, 2020, Proceedings, Part VII 16","author":"Murez","year":"2020"},{"key":"B75","first-page":"5480","article-title":"\u201cRegNeRF: regularizing neural radiance fields for view synthesis from sparse inputs,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Niemeyer","year":"2022"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3550073","article-title":"Deep saliency mapping for 3D meshes and applications","volume":"19","author":"Nousias","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl"},{"journal-title":"Processing Coastal Imagery With Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, Version 1.6\u2014Structure From Motion Workflow Documentation. Technical Report","year":"2021","author":"Over","key":"B77"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLVIII-M-2-2023-1149-2023","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and cultural heritage: design and assessment of an ethical framework","volume":"48","author":"Pansoni","year":"","journal-title":"Int. Archiv. Photogram. Rem. Sens. Spat. Inform. Sci"},{"key":"B79","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cDesign of an ethical framework for artificial intelligence in cultural heritage,\u201d","volume-title":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS)","author":"Pansoni","year":""},{"key":"B80","first-page":"282","article-title":"\u201cGeomethics: ethical considerations about using artificial intelligence in geomatics,\u201d","volume-title":"International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing","author":"Petrocchi","year":"2023"},{"key":"B81","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cResponsible AI and the arts: the ethical and legal implications of AI in the arts and creative industries,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Trustworthy Autonomous Systems","author":"Piskopani","year":"2023"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1145\/3603748","article-title":"Rendering a better future","volume":"66","author":"Poole","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Inflect. Sci. Disc"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2209.14988","article-title":"Dreamfusion: text-to-3D using 2D diffusion","author":"Poole","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2209.14988"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2008.923093","article-title":"Turning images into 3D models-development and performance analysis of image matching for detailed surface reconstruction of heritage objects","volume":"25","author":"Remondino","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Sign. Process. Mag"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1708.08296","article-title":"Explainable artificial intelligence: understanding, visualizing and interpreting deep learning models","author":"Samek","year":"2017","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.08296"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110424928-002","article-title":"Methods and ethics of data collection","volume":"2018","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods Pragmat"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46487-9_31","article-title":"\u201cPixelwise view selection for unstructured multi-view stereo,\u201d","author":"Sch\u00f6nberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computer Vision\u2014ECCV 2016"},{"key":"B88","first-page":"2888","article-title":"\u201cNeRF-GAN distillation for efficient 3D-aware generation with convolutions,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Shahbazi","year":"2023"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1145\/3442188.3445869","article-title":"\u201cBiases in generative art: a causal look from the lens of art history,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2021"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2022.06.004","article-title":"Empowering digital twins with extended reality collaborations","volume":"4","author":"Stacchio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Virt. Real. Intell. Hardw"},{"key":"B91","first-page":"38","article-title":"\u201cEvaluating human aesthetic and emotional aspects of 3D generated content through extended reality,\u201d","author":"Stacchio","year":"2023","journal-title":"CREAI@ AI* IA"},{"key":"B92","first-page":"2394","article-title":"\u201cCombined depth and outlier estimation in multi-view stereo,\u201d","volume-title":"2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'06), Volume 2","author":"Strecha","year":"2006"},{"key":"B93","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cNeRFstudio: a modular framework for neural radiance field development,\u201d","volume-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2023 Conference Proceedings","author":"Tancik","year":"2023"},{"key":"B94","first-page":"701","article-title":"\u201cState of the art on neural rendering,\u201d","volume-title":"Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 39","author":"Tewari","year":"2020"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2024.104142","article-title":"Embedding ai ethics into the design and use of computer vision technology for consumer's behavior understanding","volume":"2024","author":"Tiribelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Understand"},{"key":"B96","first-page":"20762","article-title":"\u201cRelight my NeRF: a dataset for novel view synthesis and relighting of real-world objects,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Toschi","year":"2023"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2402.13255","article-title":"How NeRFs and 3D Gaussian splatting are reshaping slam: a survey","author":"Tosi","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.13255"},{"journal-title":"Readiness Assessment Methodology: a Tool of the Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence","year":"2023","key":"B98"},{"journal-title":"UNESCO Cultural and Creative Industries in the Face of COVID-19: an Economic Impact Outlook","year":"","key":"B99"},{"journal-title":"UNESCO Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence","year":"","key":"B100"},{"key":"B101","unstructured":"38688951Call for Safeguards Around Generative AI2024"},{"key":"B102","first-page":"21098","article-title":"\u201cClothed human performance capture with a double-layer neural radiance fields,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1109\/FCCM57271.2023.00055","article-title":"\u201cMoth: a hardware accelerator for neural radiance field inference on FPGA,\u201d","volume-title":"2023 IEEE 31st Annual International Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines (FCCM)","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B104","first-page":"5148","article-title":"\u201cDivide and conquer: a two-step method for high quality face de-identification with model explainability,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Wen","year":"2023"},{"key":"B105","first-page":"17992","article-title":"\u201cNaviNeRF: NeRF-based 3D representation disentanglement by latent semantic navigation,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Xie","year":"2023"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-020-01347-6","article-title":"Pix2Vox++: Multi-scale context-aware 3D object reconstruction from single and multiple images","volume":"128","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis"},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-32236-6_51","article-title":"\u201cExplainable AI: a brief survey on history, research areas, approaches and challenges,\u201d","volume-title":"Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing: 8th CCF International Conference, NLPCC 2019, Dunhuang, China, October 9\u201314, 2019, Proceedings, Part II 8","author":"Xu","year":"2019"},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2023.127125","article-title":"A critical analysis of image-based camera pose estimation techniques","volume":"570","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359038","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2024.3359038","article-title":"MuralDIFF: diffusion for ancient murals restoration on large-scale pre-training","volume":"2024","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6860","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3612363","article-title":"\u201c3Dstyle-diffusion: pursuing fine-grained text-driven 3D stylization with 2D diffusion models,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B111","first-page":"8254","article-title":"\u201cFreeNeRF: improving few-shot neural rendering with free frequency regularization,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Yang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B112","first-page":"4578","article-title":"\u201cPixelNeRF: neural radiance fields from one or few images,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Yu","year":"2021"},{"key":"B113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2402.14817","article-title":"Cameras as rays: pose estimation via ray diffusion","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.14817"},{"key":"B114","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cA no-reference visual quality metric for 3D color meshes,\u201d","volume-title":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW)","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"},{"key":"B115","first-page":"1112","article-title":"\u201cILSH: the imperial light-stage head dataset for human head view synthesis","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2312.00451","article-title":"FSGS: real-time few-shot view synthesis using Gaussian splatting","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.00451"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomp.2024.1459807\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T14:47:46Z","timestamp":1729003666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomp.2024.1459807\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcomp.2024.1459807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomp.2024.1459807","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-9898"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2624-9898"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,2]]},"article-number":"1459807"}}