{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T04:28:53Z","timestamp":1784003333540,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The latent space of generative AI models affords unique creative possibilities and broad design space for AI-enhanced digital music instruments. While interface designs for latent space navigation typically rely on sound-producing gestures that involve bodily motions and movements, the underlying subjective perception of these gestures remains underexplored. To understand how musicians perceive sound-producing gestures and tailor performance techniques in audio latent space, we present a user study workshop with an AI-enhanced digital music instrument with a tablet interface. Eighteen musicians were recruited to test out open-ended gestures and tasked to create musical scores. We report how they use sound-producing gestures in the latent space and develop performance techniques. We contribute findings from an embodied music cognition perspective of how subjective perception of gestures shapes musicians' technique development in audio latent space navigation. We discuss the implications of new gestural affordances discovered by participants in our workshop, aiming to elucidate new opportunities for digital musical instruments with audio latent space navigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1575202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T06:23:52Z","timestamp":1762496632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring gestural affordances in audio latent space navigation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shuoyang Jasper","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Xamb\u00f3 Sed\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Bryan-Kinns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"MusicLM: generating music from text","author":"Agostinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv:2301.11325"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3490149.3502262","article-title":"\u201cBody maps: a generative tool for soma-based design,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI '22","author":"Anne Cochrane","year":"2022"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"489","article-title":"\u201cSoma design for NIME,\u201d","author":"Avila","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"B4","author":"Banar","year":"2022"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3581488","article-title":"\u201cSuspended circles: soma designing a musical instrument,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '23","author":"Bang","year":"2023"},{"key":"B6","first-page":"709","article-title":"\u201cFrom interaction to trajectories: designing coherent journeys through user experiences,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '09","author":"Benford","year":"2009"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2491500.2491502","article-title":"Performance-led research in the wild","volume":"20","author":"Benford","year":"2013","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"361","article-title":"\u201cComposing understandings: music, motion, gesture and embodied cognition,\u201d","author":"Bertissolo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2012.02.004","article-title":"Mutual engagement and collocation with shared representations","volume":"71","author":"Bryan-Kinns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1145\/3636457","article-title":"Reflections on explainable AI for the Arts (XAIxArts)","volume":"31","author":"Bryan-Kinns","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interactions"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-31360-8_10","article-title":"\u201cA guide to evaluating the experience of media and arts technology,\u201d","author":"Bryan-Kinns","year":"2023","journal-title":"Creating Digitally: Shifting Boundaries: Arts and Technologies\u2013Contemporary Applications and Concepts"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11633-023-1457-1","article-title":"Exploring variational auto-encoder architectures, configurations, and datasets for generative music explainable AI","volume":"21","author":"Bryan-Kinns","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mach. Intell. Res"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3716227","article-title":"\u201cXAIxArts manifesto: explainable AI for the arts,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA '25","author":"Bryan-Kinns","year":"2025"},{"key":"B14","article-title":"RAVE: a variational autoencoder for fast and high-quality neural audio synthesis","author":"Caillon","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv:2111.05011"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"Streamable neural audio synthesis with non-causal convolutions","author":"Caillon","year":"2022","journal-title":"arXiv:2204.07064"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1080\/14702029.2017.1366693","article-title":"What do drawing and painting really mean? The phenomenology of image and gesture","volume":"17","author":"Casey","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Visual Art Pract"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"6208","article-title":"Network time delay and ensemble accuracy: effects of latency, asymmetry","volume":"117","author":"Chris","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Audio Eng. Soc"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195151947.001.0001","author":"Clarke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ways of Listening: An Ecological Approach to the Perception of Musical Meaning"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760.2016.1262613","article-title":"Thematic analysis","volume":"12","author":"Clarke","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Posit. Psychol"},{"key":"B20","article-title":"\u201cReconsidering process: bringing thoughtfulness to the design of digital musical instruments for disabled users,\u201d","author":"Dalgleish","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Conference on Live Interfaces (ICLI)"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72914-1_26","article-title":"\u201cWhat is human? A turing test for artistic creativity,\u201d","author":"Daniele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design"},{"key":"B22","article-title":"\u201cBodily affordances and bodily experiences,\u201d","author":"de Vignemont","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perceptual and Emotional Embodiment: Foundations of Embodied Cognition"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14236\/ewic\/HCI2007.53","article-title":"\u201cDesigning for appropriation,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of HCI 2007 The 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference University of Lancaster, UK","author":"Dix","year":"2007"},{"key":"B24","author":"Eckhardt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Going Out"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"477","article-title":"\u201cRAW: exploring control structures for muscle-based interaction in collective improvisation,\u201d","author":"Erdem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0363-5","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Locales Framework: Understanding and Designing for Wicked Problems"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"398","article-title":"\u201cReflection across ai-based music composition,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Creativity & Cognition, C&C '24","author":"Ford","year":"2024"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3501916","article-title":"\u201cCO\/DA: live-coding movement-sound interactions for dance improvisation,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '22","author":"Fran\u00e7oise","year":"2022"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315740218","author":"Gibson","year":"1979","journal-title":"The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception: Classic Edition"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355771806001439","article-title":"Gestural-sonorous objects: embodied extensions of Schaeffer's conceptual apparatus","volume":"11","author":"God\u00f8y","year":"2006","journal-title":"Organ. Sound"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"God\u00f8y","year":"2009","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203863411"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-55004-5_35","author":"God\u00f8y","year":"2018","journal-title":"Springer Handbook of Systematic Musicology"},{"key":"B33","author":"God\u00f8y","year":"2009","journal-title":"Musical Gestures: Sound, Movement, and Meaning"},{"key":"B34","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Deep Learning"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1145\/2642918.2647379","article-title":"\u201cSensing techniques for tablet+stylus interaction,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, UIST '14","author":"Hinckley","year":"2014"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642616","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2003"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-72116-9_22","article-title":"\u201cDeep generative models for musical audio synthesis,\u201d","author":"Huzaifah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handbook of Artificial Intelligence for Music: Foundations, Advanced Approaches, and Developments for Creativity"},{"key":"B38","first-page":"6330","article-title":"\u201cSupporting expressive procedural art creation through direct manipulation,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '17","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/14220.001.0001","author":"Jensenius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sound Actions: Conceptualizing Musical Instruments"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/0929821042000317886","article-title":"Instruments and players: Some thoughts on digital lutherie","volume":"33","author":"Jord\u00e0","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. New Music Res"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642040","article-title":"\u201cSound designer-generative AI interactions: towards designing creative support tools for professional sound designers,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '24","author":"Kamath","year":"2024"},{"key":"B42","article-title":"\u201cAuto-encoding variational Bayes,\u201d","author":"Kingma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations"},{"key":"B43","first-page":"468","article-title":"\u201cLocality and digital musical instruments design: a user study,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Audio Mostly Conference: Explorations in Sonic Cultures, AM '24","author":"Kuzmin","year":"2024"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/09298210902731394","article-title":"On the description of mapping structures","volume":"37","author":"Kvifte","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. New Music Res"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7476.001.0001","author":"Leman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Embodied Music Cognition and Mediation Technology"},{"key":"B46","article-title":"\u201cMusical gestures and embodied cognition,\u201d","author":"Leman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journes d'Informatique Musicale, Mons, Belgium"},{"key":"B47","first-page":"549","article-title":"\u201cEmbodied sketching for neural synthesis,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Audio Mostly Conference: Explorations in Sonic Cultures, AM '24","author":"Lepri","year":"2024"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-29956-8_11","article-title":"\u201cSketchSynth: cross-modal control of sound synthesis,\u201d","author":"L\u00f6bbers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Music, Sound, Art and Design"},{"key":"B49","author":"Lohan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sketching Domestic and Wild Cats: Pen and Pencil Techniques. Dover Art Instruction Series"},{"key":"B50","first-page":"23","article-title":"\u201cWhat kind of affordances are musical affordances? A semiotic approach,\u201d","volume-title":"L'ascolto musicale: condotte, pratiche, grammatiche","author":"L\u00f3pez-Cano","year":"2006"},{"key":"B51","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cNovice-AI music co-creation via AI-steering tools for deep generative models,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '20","author":"Louie","year":"2020"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355771809000272","article-title":"Of epistemic tools: musical instruments as cognitive extensions","volume":"14","author":"Magnusson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Org. Sound"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1162\/COMJ_a_00026","article-title":"Designing constraints: composing and performing with digital musical systems","volume":"34","author":"Magnusson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Music J"},{"key":"B54","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cSensory alignment in immersive entertainment,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '19","author":"Marshall","year":"2019"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-70210-6_37","article-title":"\u201cEmbodied cognition in performers of large acoustic instruments as a method of designing new large digital musical instruments,\u201d","author":"Mice","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perception, Representations, Image, Sound, Music"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517626","article-title":"\u201cSuper size me: interface size, identity and embodiment in digital musical instrument design,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '22","author":"Mice","year":"2022"},{"key":"B57","first-page":"701","article-title":"Audio signal synthesis by functions of two variables","volume":"30","author":"Mitsuhashi","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Audio Eng. Soc"},{"key":"B58","first-page":"192","article-title":"\u201cDesign for longevity: ongoing use of instruments from NIME 2010\u201314,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression","author":"Morreale","year":"2017"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.07.081","article-title":"Measuring the facets of musicality: the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI)","author":"M\u00fcllensiefen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pers. Individ. Dif"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84996-113-4_13","author":"Nacenta","year":"2010"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2023.2299159","article-title":"Developing musical creativity through movement: navigating the musical affordance landscape","volume":"37","author":"Nijs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Creat. Res. J"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3430524.3442700","article-title":"\u201cTangible body maps of felt-sensing experience,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, TEI '21","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Pacheco","year":"2021"},{"key":"B63","article-title":"\u201cEmbodied listening, affordances and performing with computers,\u201d","author":"Parkinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Computer Music Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"B64","first-page":"465","article-title":"\u201cPhysicalizing loops,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Creativity and Cognition, C&C '23","author":"Paymal","year":"2023"},{"key":"B65","article-title":"\u201cStacco: exploring the embodied perception of latent representations in neural synthesis,\u201d","author":"Privato","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"B66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Body, mind and music: musical semantics between experiential cognition and cognitive economy","volume":"9","author":"Reybrouck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans. Revista transcultural de msica"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1080\/10407413.2014.958035","article-title":"A rich landscape of affordances","volume":"26","author":"Rietveld","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol. Psychol"},{"key":"B68","first-page":"405","article-title":"\u201cWhat makes a good musical instrument? A matter of processes, ecologies and specificities,\u201d","author":"Rodger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355771823000274","article-title":"Agent-based music live coding: sonic adventures in 2D","volume":"28","author":"Roma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Organ. Sound"},{"key":"B70","first-page":"313","article-title":"\u201cAdaptive mapping of sound collections for data-driven musical interfaces,\u201d","author":"Roma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"B71","first-page":"229","article-title":"\u201cTimbre tools: ethnographic perspectives on timbre and sonic cultures in hackathon designs,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Audio Mostly Conference: Explorations in Sonic Cultures, AM '24","author":"Saitis","year":"2024"},{"key":"B72","article-title":"\u201cSoundwalking deep latent spaces,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME'23)","author":"Scurto","year":"2023"},{"key":"B73","article-title":"\u201cI am sitting in a (latent) room,\u201d","author":"Shaheed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"B74","first-page":"295","article-title":"\u201cNarrative constructionist inquiry,\u201d","volume-title":"Handbook of Constructionist Research","author":"Sparkes","year":"2008"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3470132","article-title":"Validity and rigour in soma design-sketching with the soma","volume":"28","author":"St\u00e5hl","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact"},{"key":"B76","first-page":"311","article-title":"\u201cCo-tuning virtual-acoustic performance ecosystems: observations on the development of skill and style in the study of musician-instrument relationships,\u201d","author":"Stapleton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iwae063","DOI":"10.1093\/iwc\/iwae063","article-title":"A step toward formalising visual data analysis practices in human computer interaction","volume":"2025","author":"Sturdee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Interact. Comput"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Sturdee","year":"2024","DOI":"10.1145\/3623509.3634743"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3450741.3466771","article-title":"\u201cA plurality of practices: artistic narratives in HCI research,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Creativity and Cognition, C&C '21","author":"Sturdee","year":"2021"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21428\/92fbeb44.3d0e9e12","article-title":"\u201cAI-terity 2.0: an autonomous NIME featuring GANSpaceSynth deep learning model,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression","author":"Tahiro\u01e7lu","year":"2021"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355771819000475","article-title":"Digital musical instruments as probes: how computation changes the mode-of-being of musical instruments","volume":"25","author":"Tahiro\u01e7lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Organ. Sound"},{"key":"B82","article-title":"\u201cLatent spaces as platforms for sonic creativity,\u201d","author":"Tahiro\u01e7lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Creativity, Sweden"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4322\/pmd.2015.012","article-title":"Hand tool project requirements: the case of banana cultivation and its physical demands (OWAS)","volume":"13","author":"Takayama","year":"2015","journal-title":"Product Manag. Dev"},{"key":"B84","article-title":"\u201cEvaluating human-AI interaction via usability, user experience and acceptance measures for MMM-C: a creative AI system for music composition,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI '23","author":"Tchemeube","year":"2023"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3411764.3445482","article-title":"\u201cArticulating soma experiences using trajectories,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '21","author":"Tennent","year":"2021"},{"key":"B86","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cSoma design and sensory misalignment,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '20","author":"Tennent","year":"2020"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW.2019.00392","article-title":"\u201cFourier-CPPNs for image synthesis,\u201d","author":"Tesfaldet","year":"2019","journal-title":"2019 IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshop (ICCVW)"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326969eco0403_3","article-title":"Affordances and prospective control: an outline of the ontology","volume":"4","author":"Turvey","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ecol. Psychol"},{"key":"B89","first-page":"308","article-title":"\u201cTowards a musician's cockpit: transducers feedback and musical function,\u201d","volume-title":"1996 International Computer Music Conference, ICMC 1996","author":"Vertegaal","year":"1996"},{"key":"B90","article-title":"\u201cSteering latent audio models through interactive machine learning,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Creativity","author":"Vigliensoni","year":"2023"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-57892-2_7","article-title":"\u201cEmpirical analysis of gestural sonic objects combining qualitative and quantitative methods,\u201d","author":"Visi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sonic Design"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3544549.3585740","article-title":"\u201cInvestigating semantically-enhanced exploration of GAN latent space via a digital mood board,\u201d","volume-title":"Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA '23","author":"Wan","year":"2023"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijresmar.2010.02.004","article-title":"The effect of rating scale format on response styles: the number of response categories and response category labels","volume":"27","author":"Weijters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Market"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.34.5.621","article-title":"Further validation and development of the movement imagery questionnaire","volume":"34","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sport Exerc. Psychol"},{"key":"B95","article-title":"\u201cMosAIck: staging contemporary ai performance - connecting live coding, e-textiles and movement,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Live Coding","author":"Wilson","year":"2023"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355771823000262","article-title":"Discovering creative commons sounds in live coding","volume":"28","author":"Xamb\u00f3 Sed\u00f3","year":"2023","journal-title":"Organ. Sound"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-10960-7_8","article-title":"\u201cLatent spaces: a creative approach,\u201d","author":"Yee-King","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Language of Creative AI: Practices, Aesthetics and Structures"},{"key":"B98","first-page":"455","article-title":"\u201cDimensionality and appropriation in digital musical instrument design,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression","author":"Zappi","year":"2018"},{"key":"B99","article-title":"\u201cBuilding sketch-to-sound mapping with unsupervised feature extraction and interactive machine learning,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression","author":"Zheng","year":""},{"key":"B100","article-title":"\u201cA mapping strategy for interacting with latent audio synthesis using artistic materials,\u201d","author":"Zheng","year":"","journal-title":"Proceedings of The second international workshop on eXplainable AI for the Arts (XAIxArts"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1575202\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T06:24:03Z","timestamp":1762496643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1575202\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"references-count":100,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1575202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1575202","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-9898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2624-9898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"article-number":"1575202"}}