{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:41:44Z","timestamp":1770334904605,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101061157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101061157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to their fragility and uniqueness, valuable works of art are largely unavailable for direct interaction with the public. They are usually displayed in conditions that restrict access, which inevitably limits the visitor experience, particularly for audiences with reduced mobility and visual impairments. Furthermore, related information is not easily conveyed because of the limited time visitors have to browse the museum, and because it is usually presented in jargon that assumes scientific knowledge, or is presented out of context. In this paper, we aim to address all these aspects simultaneously, using the painting <jats:italic>The Scream<\/jats:italic> (1910?) from the MUNCH Museum in Oslo as a case study. A combination of high-resolution imaging and computer vision algorithms was used to identify and separate the color surface features for two areas of the painting. The information was then presented to visitors by 3D printing the two areas and placing the color surface features at different heights, creating a relief structure that could be touched and inspected up close. The novel and highly accessible experience was evaluated at the InArt24 conference and at the KHM Museum in Oslo, Norway. During the evaluations, participants reported that interacting with the physical 3D replicas stimulated their interest and motivation, and increased their satisfaction when learning about the painting's color characteristics. These initial findings suggest that presenting information about art objects through multisensory experiences can greatly enhance accessibility and engagement for diverse audiences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1597880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T14:45:12Z","timestamp":1751035512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tactile 3D-printed media interaction with the color surface features of paintings. The case of the Scream (1910?) painting"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Petros Ioannis","family":"Stavroulakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonsina","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Boracchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Siozos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Sotiropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilien","family":"Leonhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Sabatier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Trumpy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina C. A.","family":"Sandu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1145\/2957265.2963118","article-title":"\u201cAccessible museum collections for the visually impaired: combining tactile exploration, audio descriptions and mobile gestures,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct","author":"Anagnostakis","year":"2016"},{"key":"B2","author":"Arnheim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Art and Visual Perception"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.3390\/app13063539","article-title":"Augmented and virtual reality to enhance the didactical experience of technological heritage museums","volume":"13","author":"Bachiller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Sci"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-2-55-2018","article-title":"Replicas in cultural heritage: 3D printing and the museum experience","volume":"2","author":"Ballarin","year":"2018","journal-title":"The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8060285","article-title":"An application of integrated 3D technologies for replicas in cultural heritage","volume":"8","author":"Balletti","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"\u201cThe gates to hell: Scream, Despair and Anxiety by Edvard Munch, through the lenses of MA-XRF and MA-XRPD imaging (oral communication),\u201d","volume-title":"16th International Symposium on Radiation Physics ISRP-16","author":"Bijker","year":"2024"},{"key":"B7","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cUnveiling \u201cThe Scream\u201d by Edvard Munch: iterative fuzzy c-means analysis of macro-XRF mapping,\u201d","volume-title":"2022 12th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)","author":"Cardinali","year":"2022"},{"key":"B8","article-title":"The \u201cScream\u201d by Edvard Munch (1910): non-invasive integrated spectroscopic investigations of the painting materials","author":"Cartechini","year":"2019","journal-title":"In MAXRF2022 Ma-XRF scanning in Conservation Archaeology"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"\u2018Light-induced color changes on \u201cthe Scream\u201d versions in the Munch museum collection\n          \n          1623\n          1634\n          \n            \n              Chan\n              E.\n            \n            \n              Aamb\u00f8\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Godzimirska\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Grimstad\n              I.\n            \n            \n              Lojewski\n              T.\n            \n            \n              Sandu\n              I.\n            \n          \n          1st MUNCH2022 International Conference\n          13\n          2022"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1080\/09647775.2018.1516561","article-title":"Art, touch and meaning making: an analysis of multisensory interpretation in the museum","volume":"34","author":"Christidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mus. Manag. Curatorsh"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429353048","author":"Crompton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Doing More Digital Humanities: Open Approaches to Creation, Growth, and Development"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p2596","article-title":"Cognitive decline accelerated in over 50s during pandemic, study finds","volume":"383","author":"Dyer","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/10598650.2022.2077067","article-title":"Devisualizing the museum: from access to inclusion","volume":"47","author":"Eardley","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mus. Educ"},{"key":"B14","year":"2019","journal-title":"Directive (EU) 2019\/882 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the Accessibility Requirements for Products and Services"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232357","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1232357","article-title":"The role of arts engagement in reducing cognitive decline and improving quality of life in healthy older people: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Fioranelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Psychol"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04065","article-title":"Revealing the nature and distribution of metal carboxylates in Jackson Pollock's alchemy (1947) by micro-attenuated total reflection FT-IR spectroscopic imaging","volume":"89","author":"Gabrieli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem"},{"key":"B17","author":"Genette","year":"1972","journal-title":"\u201cDiscours du recit\u201d A Portion of Figures"},{"key":"B18","volume-title":"Emotional Intelligence :Why It Can Matter More Than IQ","author":"Goleman","year":"1995"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-40602013000300004","article-title":"\u201cSeeing through touch\u201d: the material world of visually impaired children","volume":"49","author":"Grosvenor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educar em Revista"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.21278\/idc.2018.0150","author":"Harada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Museum Experience Design Based On Multi-Sensory Transformation Approach"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1075\/aicr.53","author":"Hatwell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Touching for Knowing: Cognitive Psychology of Haptic Manual Perception, Volume 53 of Advances in Consciousness Research"},{"key":"B22","author":"Hooper-Greenhill","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Educational Role of the Museum"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/17458927.2019.1619316","article-title":"Family touch practices and learning experiences in the museum","volume":"14","author":"Jewitt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Senses Soc"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210500173232","article-title":"Mental representation in visual\/haptic crossmodal memory: evidence from interference effects","volume":"59","author":"Lacey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-016-9666-6","article-title":"A review of audio guides in the era of smart tourism","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/0276237417719637","article-title":"The impact of accompanying text on visual processing and hedonic evaluation of art","volume":"36","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Empir. Stud. Arts"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09647775.2024.2357071","article-title":"Multisensory museum experience: an integrative view and future research directions","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mus. Manag. Curatorsh"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2956","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10232956","article-title":"A methodology to produce augmented-reality guided tours in museums for mixed-reality headsets","volume":"10","author":"Mart\u00ed-Test\u00f3n","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/07380569.2019.1643442","article-title":"Integration of 3D printing in art education: a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"36","author":"Menano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Sch"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaay3514","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay3514","article-title":"Probing the chemistry of CDS paints in the scream by in situ noninvasive spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation x-ray techniques","volume":"6","author":"Monico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11584","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201801503","article-title":"Role of the relative humidity and the Cd\/Zn stoichiometry in the photooxidation process of cadmium yellows (CdS\/Cd1 \u2013 \u2013x Znx S) in oil paintings","volume":"24","author":"Monico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1039\/C5JA00091B","article-title":"Synchrotron-based X-ray spectromicroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate the redox properties of lead chromate pigments under the effect of visible light","volume":"30","author":"Monico","year":"","journal-title":"J. Anal. At. Spectrom"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14129","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201505840","article-title":"Evidence for degradation of the chrome yellows in Van Gogh's sunflowers: a study using noninvasive in situ methods and synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray techniques","volume":"127","author":"Monico","year":"","journal-title":"Angew. Chem"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44630-0_9","article-title":"\u201c3D printing for cultural heritage: preservation, accessibility, research and education,\u201d","volume-title":"3D Research Challenges in Cultural Heritage, volume 8355","author":"Neum\u00fcller","year":"2014"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.109107","article-title":"\u201c3D printing and the art world: current developments and future perspectives,\u201d","author":"N. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advances in 3D Printing"},{"key":"B36","author":"Norman","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Design of Everyday Things"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jer.2023.100135","article-title":"Learning-by-doing using 3D printers: digital fabrication studio experience in architectural education","volume":"11","author":"\u00d6mer \u00d6zeren","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Eng. Res"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.21125\/iceri.2016.1077","author":"Pagano","year":"2016","journal-title":"An Integrated Methodological Approach to Evaluate Virtual Museums in Real Museum Contexts"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-014-0358-z","article-title":"Universal design, inclusive design, accessible design, design for all: different concepts\u2013one goal? On the concept of accessibility\u2013historical, methodological and philosophical aspects","volume":"14","author":"Persson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Univ. Access Inf. Soc"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2023.01.004","article-title":"Design and evaluation of smart-exhibit systems that enrich cultural heritage experiences for the visually impaired","volume":"60","author":"Pistofidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2021.08.013","article-title":"Composing smart museum exhibit specifications for the visually impaired","volume":"52","author":"Pistofidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cult. Herit"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-49511-3_8","article-title":"\u201cThe museum of touch: tangible models for blind and low vision audiences in museums,\u201d","volume-title":"Multimodality in Architecture","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2024"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.141","article-title":"On happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being","volume":"52","author":"Ryan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203020036","author":"Sandell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Museums, Prejudice and the Reframing of Difference"},{"key":"B45","unstructured":"Sandu Irina\n              C. A.\n            \n            \n              Laclavetine\n              K.\n            \n            \n              Bourguignon\n              E.\n            \n            \n              Hardeberg\n              J. Y.\n            \n            \n              Pettersen\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Bucharest\n          The \u2018Scream' by Edvard Munch -Same Motif, Different Colours, Different Techniques and Approaches - A Novel Non-invasive Comparative Study of Two of its Versions\n          \n          2018"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118680605.ch1","article-title":"\u201cBetween bits and atoms: physical computing and desktop fabrication in the humanities,\u201d","author":"Sayers","year":"2015","journal-title":"A New Companion to Digital Humanities"},{"key":"B47","volume-title":"The Participatory Museum, 1st Edn","author":"Simon","year":"2010"},{"key":"B48","volume-title":"Studying Old Master Paintings: Technology and Practice the National Gallery Technical Bulletin 30th Anniversary Conference Postprints","author":"Spring","year":"2011"},{"key":"B49","first-page":"71","article-title":"\u201cCustomizable 3D printed tactile maps as interactive overlays,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ASSETS '16","author":"Taylor","year":"2016"},{"key":"B50","year":"1948","journal-title":"U.N. General Assembly, Resolution 217A (III), Universal Declaration of Human Rights, A\/Res\/217(III)"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.10.076","article-title":"Designing an interactive exhibitor for assisting blind and visually impaired visitors in tactile exploration of original museum pieces","volume":"138","author":"Vaz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1179\/019713699806113420","article-title":"Predicting the fading of objects: identification of fugitive colorants through direct nondestructive lightfastness measurements","volume":"38","author":"Whitmore","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Inst. Conserv"},{"key":"B53","volume-title":"World Health Organization (WHO), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)","year":"2001"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/cura.12244","article-title":"Evaluation of touchable 3D-printed replicas in museums","volume":"60","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curator"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.63997\/jct.v27i2.347","article-title":"The thickness of the world: exploring the curriculum of museums through phenomenological touch","author":"Wood","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Curric. Theor"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.4236\/adr.2024.124020","article-title":"Investigating the use of 3D printing in fine arts education: a case study on student artistic development","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Art Des. Rev"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1597880\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T14:45:17Z","timestamp":1751035517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1597880\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1597880"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1597880","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-9898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2624-9898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"article-number":"1597880"}}