{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:38:07Z","timestamp":1784738287220,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>As generative artificial intelligence (GAI) becomes increasingly integrated into the design domain, research has begun to explore how it can be meaningfully incorporated into traditional design practices, fostering the development of more collaborative design processes. This study proposes a Human\u2013AI Co-Creative Design Process (HAI-CDP) model and evaluates its impact on designers\u2019 creativity through a comparative experimental design. The results indicate that the HAI-CDP substantially improves creative performance over the traditional design process. For novice designers, its primary value lies in facilitating idea generation, whereas for experienced designers, it contributes more to elevating the quality and refinement of creative outcomes. Although the Human\u2013AI Co-Creative Design Process lowers the entry barrier to creative engagement, the findings also reaffirm that design experience remains a critical factor shaping creative output.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomp.2025.1672735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T05:30:27Z","timestamp":1759210227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Exploring creativity in human\u2013AI co-creation: a comparative study across design experience"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Film and Interaction Design, Hongik University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunsuk","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visual Communication Design, Hongik University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junfeng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Film and Interaction Design, Hongik University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Film and Interaction Design, Hongik University","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22068\/ijaup.31.1.585","article-title":"The relation between design expertise and the quality of design idea","volume":"31","author":"Alipour","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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