{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T16:12:27Z","timestamp":1759335147419,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]],"date-time":"2025-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000183","name":"Army Research Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000183","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Big Data"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Internet-based economies and societies are drowning in deceptive attacks. These attacks take many forms, such as fake news, phishing, and job scams, which we call \u201cdomains of deception.\u201d Machine learning and natural language processing researchers have been attempting to ameliorate this precarious situation by designing domain-specific detectors. Only a few recent works have considered domain-independent deception. We collect these disparate threads of research and investigate domain-independent deception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>First, we provide a new computational definition of deception and break down deception into a new taxonomy. Then, we briefly mention the debate on linguistic cues for deception. We build a new comprehensive real-world dataset for studying deception. We investigate common linguistic features for deception using both classical and deep learning models in a variety of situations including cross-domain experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We find common linguistic cues for deception and give significant evidence for knowledge transfer across different forms of deception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We list several directions for future work based on our results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdata.2025.1581734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T07:02:24Z","timestamp":1759302144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Domain-independent deception: a new taxonomy and linguistic analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Rakesh M.","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nachum","family":"Dershowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dainis","family":"Boumber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"4","article-title":"\u201cMeasuring the usefulness of function words for authorship attribution,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th Joint International Conference on Humanities Computing and Digital Scholarship","author":"Argamon","year":"2005"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Bansal\n              S.\n            \n            \n              Aggarwal\n              C.\n            \n          \n          TextSTAT\n          \n          2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315081496","author":"Bell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cheating and Deception"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.25080\/Majora-8b375195-003","article-title":"\u201cHyperopt: a Python library for optimizing the hyperparameters of machine learning algorithms,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Python in Science Conference (SciPy 2013), Volume 13","author":"Bergstra","year":"2013"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/108056998504800203","article-title":"In defense of the Fog index","volume":"48","author":"Bogert","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull. 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