{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T14:00:33Z","timestamp":1779890433885,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increasing number of mHealth interventions aim to contribute to mental healthcare of which interventions that foster cognitive reappraisal may be particularly effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy of mHealth interventions enhancing cognitive reappraisal to improve mental health in adult populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature search (four databases) yielded 30 eligible randomized controlled trials (comprising 3,904 participants). We performed a multi-level meta-analysis to examine differences between intervention and comparator conditions at post-intervention assessment. Moderator analyses were conducted for potential moderator variables (e.g., type of comparators).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most interventions were CBT-based with other training components in addition to cognitive reappraisal. We found preliminary evidence for a small to medium effect favouring mHealth interventions to enhance cognitive reappraisal over comparators, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>(SMD)\u2009=\u20090.34, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u2009.002. When analysing single symptoms, there was evidence for a small to medium effect of mHealth interventions on anxiety and depressive symptoms, but not for psychological distress and well-being. All analyses showed substantial heterogeneity. Moderator analyses revealed evidence for more favourable effects in studies with passive comparators. There was an overall high risk of bias in most of the studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found preliminary evidence for a small to medium effect of mHealth interventions including a cognitive reappraisal component to improve mental health. However, most of the interventions were complex (i.e., reappraisal was provided alongside other components), which prevents us from examining reappraisal-specific effects beyond general mental health promotion in mHealth. Dismantling studies examining the effects of single intervention components are warranted to corroborate these promising results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?RecordID=142149<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier [CRD42019142149].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1253390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T13:17:34Z","timestamp":1697807854000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cognitive reappraisal in mHealth interventions to foster mental health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Karolina","family":"Morello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah K.","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Kunzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilli-Sophie","family":"Priesterroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"T\u00fcscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2019"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2016.08.012","article-title":"The impact of digital technology on psychological treatments and their dissemination","volume":"88","author":"Fairburn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e247","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2791","article-title":"Smartphones for smarter delivery of mental health programs: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Petrie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1348\/135910709X466063","article-title":"Ecological momentary interventions: incorporating mobile technology into psychosocial and health behaviour treatments","volume":"15","author":"Heron","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001427","article-title":"Economic evaluations of internet interventions for mental health: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Donker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.07.018","article-title":"Economic evaluations of internet- and mobile-based interventions for the treatment and prevention of depression: a systematic review","volume":"225","author":"Paganini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e399","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8598","article-title":"Assessing the efficacy of mobile health apps using the basic principles of cognitive behavioral therapy: systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Rathbone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e295","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7740","article-title":"The use of mobile apps and SMS messaging as physical and mental health interventions: systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Rathbone","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.10.006","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of mobile apps for monitoring and management of mental health symptoms or disorders","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207619842986","article-title":"Efficacy of mobile application interventions for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Wickersham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29621","DOI":"10.2196\/29621","article-title":"Impact of smartphone app-based psychological interventions for reducing depressive symptoms in people with depression: systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"10","author":"Serrano-Ripoll","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17458","DOI":"10.2196\/17458","article-title":"Mobile apps for mental health issues: meta-review of meta-analyses","volume":"8","author":"Lecomte","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e150","DOI":"10.1017\/S204579602000061X","article-title":"Promotion, prevention and treatment interventions for mental health in low- and middle-income countries through a task-shifting approach","volume":"29","author":"Purgato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD013458","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013458.pub2","article-title":"An overview of systematic reviews on mental health promotion, prevention, and treatment of common mental disorders for refugees, asylum seekers, and internally displaced persons","volume":"9","author":"Uphoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20472","article-title":"The efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"16","author":"Firth","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.046","article-title":"Can smartphone mental health interventions reduce symptoms of anxiety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"218","author":"Firth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X19875852","article-title":"Effectiveness of text messaging interventions for the management of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Senanayake","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e152","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.5642","article-title":"Changing mental health and positive psychological well-being using ecological momentary interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Versluis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1473-1","article-title":"Ehealth interventions for the prevention of depression and anxiety in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Deady","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31170","DOI":"10.2196\/31170","article-title":"Mobile apps that promote emotion regulation, positive mental health, and well-being in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Eisenstadt","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2023.06.019","article-title":"Efficacy of stand-alone digital mental health applications for anxiety and depression: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"164","author":"Seegan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.01.026","article-title":"A systematic, multi-domain review of mobile smartphone apps for evidence-based stress management","volume":"51","author":"Coulon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.4984","article-title":"Mental health smartphone apps: review and evidence-based recommendations for future developments","volume":"3","author":"Bakker","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001382","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001382","article-title":"Scaling up mHealth: where is the evidence?","volume":"10","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-019-0093-1","article-title":"Using science to sell apps: evaluation of mental health app store quality claims","volume":"2","author":"Larsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2019.103498","article-title":"A review of popular smartphone apps for depression and anxiety: assessing the inclusion of evidence-based content","volume":"123","author":"Wasil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27619","DOI":"10.2196\/27619","article-title":"Self-guided cognitive behavioral therapy apps for depression: systematic assessment of features, functionality, and congruence with evidence","volume":"23","author":"Martinengo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1017\/S0048577201393198","article-title":"Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences","volume":"39","author":"Gross","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026351","article-title":"Unpacking cognitive reappraisal: goals, tactics, and outcomes","volume":"12","author":"McRae","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0000703","article-title":"Emotion regulation","volume":"20","author":"McRae","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-052209-100032","article-title":"Cognitive therapy: current status and future directions","volume":"62","author":"Beck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118528563.wbcbt02","article-title":"Cognitive restructuring","volume-title":"The wiley handbook of cognitive behavioral therapy","author":"Clark","year":"2013"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.06.002","article-title":"Specificity of cognitive emotion regulation strategies: a transdiagnostic examination","volume":"48","author":"Aldao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.12.009","article-title":"Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: a comparative study of five specific samples","volume":"40","author":"Garnefski","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.2466\/03.20.PR0.114k22w4","article-title":"Relation between emotion regulation and mental health: a meta-analysis review","volume":"114","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.06.008","article-title":"Depression: a cognitive perspective","volume":"69","author":"LeMoult","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-007-9080-3","article-title":"Emotion regulation: antecedents and well-being outcomes of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in cross-cultural samples","volume":"10","author":"Haga","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/17540739221114642","article-title":"Positive cognitive reappraisal in stress resilience, mental health, and well-being: a comprehensive systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Riepenhausen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emot Rev"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.12.003","article-title":"It\u2019s complicated: the relation between cognitive change procedures, cognitive change, and symptom change in cognitive therapy for depression","volume":"41","author":"Lorenzo-Luaces","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.3.374","article-title":"Preliminary evidence for cognitive mediation during cognitive-behavioral therapy of panic disorder","volume":"75","author":"Hofmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031290","article-title":"Cognitive change predicts symptom reduction with cognitive therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"81","author":"Kleim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171900120X","article-title":"The process and delivery of CBT for depression in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00077-8","article-title":"Dismantling, optimising, and personalising internet cognitive behavioural therapy for depression: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis using individual participant data","volume":"8","author":"Furukawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2017.1395922","article-title":"Component studies of psychological treatments of adult depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Cuijpers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003919","article-title":"Dismantling cognitive-behaviour therapy for panic disorder: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis","volume":"48","author":"Pompoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B47","year":"2019"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X1400082X","article-title":"A conceptual framework for the neurobiological study of resilience","volume":"38","author":"Kalisch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.23.3.141","article-title":"The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire","volume":"23","author":"Garnefski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Assess"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"Rob 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.010","article-title":"Contour-enhanced meta-analysis funnel plots help distinguish publication bias from other causes of asymmetry","volume":"61","author":"Peters","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","article-title":"Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias","volume":"50","author":"Begg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"B55","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.3 (updated February 2022)","author":"Higgins","year":"2022"},{"key":"B56","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2022"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.12.3.p154","article-title":"Fitting three-level meta-analytic models in R: a step-by-step tutorial","volume":"12","author":"Assink","year":"2016","journal-title":"TQMP"},{"key":"B59","article-title":"Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) [Database record]","author":"Beck","year":"1996","journal-title":"APA PsycTests"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h1435","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1435","article-title":"Meta-analyses: what is heterogeneity?","volume":"350","author":"Sedgwick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2020.107371","article-title":"Testing an app-based intervention to improve insomnia in patients with epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"112","author":"Ahorsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648087","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.648087","article-title":"A self-compassion and mindfulness-based cognitive Mobile intervention (serene) for depression, anxiety, and stress: promoting adaptive emotional regulation and wisdom","volume":"12","author":"Al-Refae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.08.003","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of three smartphone apps for enhancing public mental health","volume":"109","author":"Bakker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21496","DOI":"10.2196\/21496","article-title":"Smartphone app to address loneliness among college students: pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Bruehlman-Senecal","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26498","DOI":"10.2196\/26498","article-title":"A Mobile-based intervention to increase self-esteem in students with depressive symptoms: randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Bruhns","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.02.003","article-title":"Cognitive behavior therapy versus interpersonal psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder delivered via smartphone and computer: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"28","author":"Dag\u00f6\u00f6","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.03.009","article-title":"Pilot randomized controlled trial of a spanish-language behavioral activation mobile app (\u00a1apt\u00edvate!) for the treatment of depressive symptoms among United States latinx adults with limited english proficiency","volume":"250","author":"Dahne","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.12.003","article-title":"Pilot randomized trial of a self-help behavioral activation mobile app for utilization in primary care","volume":"50","author":"Dahne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby135","article-title":"Single-session mobile-augmented intervention in serious mental illness: a three-arm randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Depp","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0536","article-title":"Randomized trial of a tailored cognitive-behavioral therapy mobile application for anxiety in patients with incurable cancer","volume":"24","author":"Greer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01592","article-title":"Preliminary results from a randomized controlled study for an app-based cognitive behavioral therapy program for depression and anxiety in cancer patients","volume":"10","author":"Ham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26152","DOI":"10.2196\/26152","article-title":"Efficacy of zemedy, a mobile digital therapeutic for the self-management of irritable bowel syndrome: crossover randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Hunt","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2017.0214","article-title":"A scenario-based cognitive behavioral therapy mobile app to reduce dysfunctional beliefs in individuals with depression: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Hur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telemedicine and e-Health"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11353","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90320-5","article-title":"Effect of smartphone-based stress management programs on depression and anxiety of hospital nurses in Vietnam: a three-arm randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Imamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20445","DOI":"10.2196\/20445","article-title":"Effects of smartphone-based stress management on improving work engagement among nurses in Vietnam: secondary analysis of a three-arm randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Sasaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104145","article-title":"Effectiveness of an app-based cognitive behavioral therapy program for postpartum depression in primary care: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"141","author":"Jannati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16071305","article-title":"An evaluation of a low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy mHealth-supported intervention to reduce loneliness in older people","volume":"16","author":"Jarvis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2022.100495","article-title":"Using AI chatbots to provide self-help depression interventions for university students: a randomized trial of effectiveness","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2018.06.004","article-title":"Evaluation of a brief unguided psychological online intervention for depression: a controlled trial including exploratory moderator analyses","volume":"13","author":"L\u00fcdtke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16643","DOI":"10.2196\/16643","article-title":"A gamified smartphone-based intervention for depression: randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"8","author":"Lukas","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e373","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8602","article-title":"Smartphone cognitive behavioral therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for refractory depression: randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Mantani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11702","DOI":"10.2196\/11702","article-title":"Correction: smartphone cognitive behavioral therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for refractory depression: randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Mantani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.9092","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral skills exercises completed by patients with major depression during smartphone cognitive behavioral therapy: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Furukawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"B84","first-page":"21","article-title":"Behavioral activation contributed to the total reduction of depression symptoms in the smartphone-based cognitive behavioral therapy: a secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Imai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15418","DOI":"10.2196\/15418","article-title":"Effectiveness of a mobile app intervention for anxiety and depression symptoms in university students: randomized controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"McCloud","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14673","article-title":"Effects of an epilepsy-specific internet intervention (emyna) on depression: results of the ENCODE randomized controlled trial","volume":"60","author":"Meyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12556","DOI":"10.2196\/12556","article-title":"Guided self-help works: randomized waitlist controlled trial of Pacifica, a mobile app integrating cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness for stress, anxiety, and depression","volume":"21","author":"Moberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/10503307.2020.1790688","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a smartphone-based application for the treatment of anxiety","volume":"31","author":"Newman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychother Res"},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2020.104171","article-title":"Efficacy of mobile app-based interactive cognitive behavioral therapy using a chatbot for panic disorder","volume":"140","author":"Oh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1089\/g4h.2014.0046","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of SuperBetter, a smartphone-based\/internet-based self-help tool to reduce depressive symptoms","volume":"4","author":"Roepke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Games Health J"},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24807","DOI":"10.2196\/24807","article-title":"A self-help app for Syrian refugees with posttraumatic stress (sanadak): randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"R\u00f6hr","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1037\/ser0000261","article-title":"Behavioral and cognitive intervention strategies delivered via coached apps for depression: pilot trial","volume":"16","author":"Stiles-Shields","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Serv"},{"key":"B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000301","article-title":"A mobile app for social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions","volume":"86","author":"Stolz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25948","DOI":"10.2196\/25948","article-title":"Positive coping as a mediator of mobile health intervention effects on quality of life among people living with HIV: secondary analysis of the randomized controlled trial Run4Love","volume":"24","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15489","DOI":"10.2196\/15489","article-title":"Mediators of intervention effects on depressive symptoms among people living with HIV: secondary analysis of a mobile health randomized controlled trial using latent growth curve modeling","volume":"7","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-49","article-title":"CBT for depression: a pilot RCT comparing mobile phone vs. Computer","volume":"13","author":"Watts","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7747","article-title":"Two novel cognitive behavioral therapy\u2013based Mobile apps for agoraphobia: randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Christoforou","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20329","DOI":"10.2196\/20329","article-title":"Induction of efficacy expectancies in an ambulatory smartphone-based digital placebo mental health intervention: randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Stalujanis","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2196762","DOI":"10.1080\/20008066.2023.2196762","article-title":"Transdiagnostic psychosocial interventions to promote mental health in forcibly displaced persons: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898009","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.898009","article-title":"Mental health prevention and promotion-A narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.10.006","article-title":"Self-compassion is more effective than acceptance and reappraisal in decreasing depressed mood in currently and formerly depressed individuals","volume":"226","author":"Ehret","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2018.1513556","article-title":"Comparing cognitive fusion and cognitive reappraisal as predictors of college student mental health","volume":"48","author":"Krafft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Digital Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1253390\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T13:17:43Z","timestamp":1697807863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1253390\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1253390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2023.1253390","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-253X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-253X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]]},"article-number":"1253390"}}