{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T23:53:19Z","timestamp":1785196399640,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ecosystem-centered healthcare innovations, such as digital health platforms, patient-centric records, and mobile health applications, depend on the semantic interoperability of health data. This ensures efficient, patient-focused healthcare delivery in a mobile world where citizens frequently travel for work and leisure. Beyond healthcare delivery, semantic interoperability is crucial for secondary health data use. This paper introduces a tool and techniques for achieving health data semantic interoperability, using reusable visual transformation components to create and validate transformation rules and maps, making them usable for domain experts with minimal technical skills.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The tool and techniques for health data semantic interoperability have been developed and validated using Design Science, a common methodology for developing software artifacts, including tools and techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our tool and techniques are designed to facilitate the interoperability of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by enabling the seamless unification of various health data formats in real time, without the need for extensive physical data migrations. These tools simplify complex health data transformations, allowing domain experts to specify and validate intricate data transformation rules and maps. The need for such a solution arises from the ongoing transition of the Estonian National Health Information System (ENHIS) from Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) to Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR), but it is general enough to be used for other data transformation needs, including the European Health Data Space (EHDS) ecosystem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proposed tool and techniques simplify health data transformation by allowing domain experts to specify and validate the necessary data transformation rules and maps. Evaluation by ENHIS domain experts demonstrated the usability, effectiveness, and business value of the tool and techniques.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2024.1480600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:25:41Z","timestamp":1734589541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Interoperability of health data using FHIR Mapping Language: transforming HL7 CDA to FHIR with reusable visual components"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Igor","family":"Bossenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Randmaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Piho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peeter","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Digital technology: making better use of health data","volume-title":"New Health Technologies: Managing Access, Value and Sustainability","author":"Slawomirski","year":"2017"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000051","article-title":"Refining gold from existing data","volume":"14","author":"Wade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"Transforming Healthcare Through Secondary use of Health Data","year":"2009"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3414\/ME15-01-0045","article-title":"SPIRIT: systematic planning of intelligent reuse of integrated clinical routine data: a conceptual best-practice framework and procedure model","volume":"55","author":"Hackl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med"},{"key":"B5","article-title":"European Health Data Space","year":""},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2022.104949","article-title":"Towards the European health data space (EHDS) ecosystem: a survey research on future health data scenarios","volume":"170","author":"Hussein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Med Inf"},{"key":"B7","article-title":"Questions and answers\u2014European Health Data Space (EHDS)","year":""},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1163\/15718093-bja10125","article-title":"EHDS And free movement of patients: what EU intervention is needed?","volume":"31","author":"van de Gronden","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Health Law"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2023.104861","article-title":"The European health data space: too big to succeed?","volume":"135","author":"Marelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280173","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1280173","article-title":"Patients\u2019 knowledge, preferences, and perspectives about data protection and data control: an exploratory survey","volume":"14","author":"Lalova-Spinks","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.zefq.2023.03.011","article-title":"What does it take to create a European health data space? 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