{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:51:43Z","timestamp":1753890703040,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate remote participant engagement in a clinical study over time, based on data from the Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS), a hybrid in-person and virtual study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PBHS enrolled 2,502 adult US residents from March 3, 2017 to April 26, 2019, with a \u22645-year follow-up. We summarized 4-year retention and rates of longitudinal patient-reported outcome survey completion. We investigated participant characteristics for their associations with quarterly remote survey completion using regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the total participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092,502), 94% remained enrolled after 4 years and 60% completed all annual visits; 2,490 participants stayed enrolled for at least one quarter. The median (IQR) number of remote electronic survey sets completed was 8 (3\u201312), of a possible 16. Age [odds ratio (OR), &amp;gt;70 vs. \u226430 years: 2.56; 95% CI: 2.24\u20132.94] and education (OR, advanced degree vs. \u2264high school: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.22\u20131.52) were positively associated with remote survey completion. Participants with lower odds of completion were Black (OR vs. White: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67\u20130.80), Hispanic (OR vs. non-Hispanic: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77\u20130.93), or had at least mild symptoms of depression (OR vs. without: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84\u20130.96) or anxiety (OR vs. without: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.78\u20130.90).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 94% of PBHS participants remained enrolled after four years. Age, race, ethnicity, income, education, and symptomatic depression\/anxiety were significantly associated with longitudinal remote questionnaire completion. These findings on engagement over time may inform future longitudinal study design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:ext-link>Clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, identifier (NCT03154346).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1520132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T14:45:28Z","timestamp":1750776328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retention and characteristics associated with remote questionnaire completion in a general population cohort study: the project baseline health study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Megan K.","family":"Carroll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Safa","family":"Faheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Bouteiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kenneth W.","family":"Mahaffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Mega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Pagidipati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Schaack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Svati H.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sumana","family":"Shashidhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Swope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. 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