{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T02:19:20Z","timestamp":1772245160418,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rehabilitation is facing a critical practice gap: Patients seek out rehabilitation services to improve their activity in daily life, yet recent work demonstrates that rehabilitation may be having a limited impact on improving this outcome due to lack of objective data on patients\u2019 activity in daily life. Remote monitoring using wearable sensor technology is a promising solution to this address this gap. The purpose of this study was to understand patient and clinician awareness of the practice gap and preferences for integrating wearable sensor technology into rehabilitation care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used a mixed-methods approach consisting of surveys and 1:1 interviews with clinicians (physical and occupational therapists or assistants) employed at an outpatient rehabilitation clinic within an academic medical center and patients seeking care at this clinic. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data saturation was reached from nineteen clinicians and ten patients. Both clinicians and patients recognized the importance of measuring activity outside the clinic and viewed wearable sensor technology as an objective measurement tool. Most clinicians (63%) preferred continuous (vs. intermittent) monitoring within a care episode and most patients (60%) were willing to sync their sensor data as often as instructed by their provider. To maximize integration into clinical workflows, clinicians voiced a preference for availability of sensor data in the electronic health record.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicians and patients value the use of wearable sensor technology to improve measurement of activity outside the clinic environment and expressed preferences for how this technology could best be integrated into routine rehabilitation care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1534419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T01:30:23Z","timestamp":1745803823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Perspectives of key stakeholders on integrating wearable sensor technology into rehabilitation care: a mixed-methods analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Allison E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carey L.","family":"Holleran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marghuretta D.","family":"Bland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ellen E.","family":"Fitzsimmons-Craft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Caitlin A.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Maddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1062926","article-title":"An exploratory analysis of the self-reported goals of individuals with chronic upper-extremity paresis following stroke","volume":"38","author":"Waddell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-198806000-00012","article-title":"Rehabilitation goals of patients with hemiplegia","volume":"11","author":"Bohannon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: ICF. Version 1.0","year":"2001"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/s20205744","article-title":"Implementation of wearable sensing technology for movement: pushing forward into the routine physical rehabilitation care field","volume":"20","author":"Lang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000413","article-title":"Improvement in the capacity for activity versus improvement in performance of activity in daily life during outpatient rehabilitation","volume":"47","author":"Lang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.11.016","article-title":"Does clinically measured walking capacity contribute to real-world walking performance in Parkinson\u2019s disease?","volume":"105","author":"Zajac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683241246266","article-title":"Differences in daily activity performance between inpatient rehabilitation facility and home among stroke survivors","volume":"38","author":"Somerville","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.044596","article-title":"Increasing activity after stroke: a randomized controlled trial of high-intensity walking and step activity intervention","volume":"55","author":"Thompson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2023.2290201","article-title":"ICF Classification of therapeutic goals for outpatient episodes of neurorehabilitation in post-stroke and Parkinson disease","volume":"46","author":"Bland","year":"2023","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1002\/chp.47","article-title":"Lost in knowledge translation: time for a map?","volume":"26","author":"Graham","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Contin Educ Health Prof"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2017.1362043","article-title":"Reported use of technology in stroke rehabilitation by physical and occupational therapists","volume":"13","author":"Langan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.12.025","article-title":"Comparison of self-report versus sensor-based methods for measuring the amount of upper limb activity outside the clinic","volume":"99","author":"Waddell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.5.2.308","article-title":"Inflated perceptions of physical activity after stroke: pairing self-report with physiologic measures","volume":"5","author":"Resnick","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.07.039","article-title":"Predicting daily use of the affected upper extremity 1 year after stroke","volume":"24","author":"Rand","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztab005","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators of the uptake of digital health technology in cardiovascular care: a systematic scoping review","volume":"2","author":"Whitelaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Digit Health"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49769","DOI":"10.2196\/49769","article-title":"Barriers to and facilitators of key stakeholders influencing successful digital implementation of remote monitoring solutions: mixed methods analysis","volume":"11","author":"Iqbal","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.36628\/ijhf.2020.0023","article-title":"Remote patient monitoring in heart failure: factors for clinical efficacy","volume":"3","author":"Bhatia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Heart Fail"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00418-3","article-title":"The emerging clinical role of wearables: factors for successful implementation in healthcare","volume":"4","author":"Smuck","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01271-z","article-title":"Understanding stroke survivors\u2019 preferences regarding wearable sensor feedback on functional movement: a mixed-methods study","volume":"20","author":"Demers","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2023.2217987","article-title":"The potential of wearable technology to support stroke survivors\u2019 motivation for home exercise - focus group discussions with stroke survivors and physiotherapists","volume":"40","author":"Stock","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiother Theory Pract"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11786329241229917","DOI":"10.1177\/11786329241229917","article-title":"Understanding the barriers and facilitators of digital health technology (DHT) implementation in neurological rehabilitation: an integrative systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Jarvis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Serv Insights"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1080\/10749357.2020.1856557","article-title":"A perspective on the use of ecological momentary assessment and intervention to promote stroke recovery and rehabilitation","volume":"28","author":"Demers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.923529","article-title":"What factors determine therapists\u2019 acceptance of new technologies for rehabilitation \u2013 a study using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","article-title":"The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners","volume":"95","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"B26","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"B27","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Thematic Analysis. APA Handbook of Research Methods in Psychology, Vol 2: Research Designs: Quantitative, Qualitative, Neuropsychological, and Biological. APA Handbooks in Psychology\u00ae","author":"Braun","year":"2012"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2019.104978","article-title":"Dataset of wearable sensors with possibilities for data exchange","volume":"28","author":"Muzny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3791\/55673","article-title":"A method for quantifying upper limb performance in daily life using accelerometers","volume":"122","author":"Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968315583720","article-title":"Quantifying real-world upper-limb activity in nondisabled adults and adults with chronic stroke","volume":"29","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-024-00580-1","article-title":"Knowledge translation task force for core measures clinical practice guideline: a short report on the process and utilization","volume":"5","author":"Bland","year":"2024","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/npt.0000000000000229","article-title":"A core set of outcome measures for adults with neurologic conditions undergoing rehabilitation: A CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINE","volume":"42","author":"Moore","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.03.021","article-title":"Quantifying change during outpatient stroke rehabilitation: a retrospective regression analysis","volume":"97","author":"Lohse","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/npt.0000000000000456","article-title":"Moderate to vigorous intensity locomotor training after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mean effects and response variability","volume":"48","author":"Boyne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurol Phys Ther"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24734","article-title":"Dose response of task-specific upper limb training in people at least 6 months poststroke: a phase II, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"80","author":"Lang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"B37","volume-title":"The QUERI Roadmap for Implementation and Quality Improvement","author":"Goodrich","year":"2020"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20120525","article-title":"Accuracy of 2 activity monitors in detecting steps in people with stroke and traumatic brain injury","volume":"94","author":"Fulk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2016-40.ep","article-title":"Validity of the fitbit one for measuring activity in community-dwelling stroke survivors","volume":"70","author":"Hui","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.117.018175","article-title":"Consumer-Based physical activity monitor as a practical way to measure walking intensity during inpatient stroke rehabilitation","volume":"48","author":"Klassen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140611","article-title":"\u201cStepping up\u201d activity poststroke: ankle-positioned accelerometer can accurately record steps during slow walking","volume":"96","author":"Klassen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1249\/tjx.0000000000000186","article-title":"Step monitor accuracy during PostStroke physical therapy and simulated activities","volume":"7","author":"Henderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl J Am Coll Sports Med"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12080","article-title":"Activity monitor placed at the nonparetic ankle is accurate in measuring step counts during community walking in poststroke individuals: a validation study","volume":"11","author":"Duclos","year":"2019","journal-title":"PM R"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.31.3.662","article-title":"Objective measurement of functional upper-extremity movement using accelerometer recordings transformed with a threshold filter","volume":"31","author":"Uswatte","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-020-0260-4","article-title":"Verification, analytical validation, and clinical validation (V3): the foundation of determining fit-for-purpose for biometric monitoring technologies (BioMeTs)","volume":"3","author":"Goldsack","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2023.100277","article-title":"Comprehensive assessment of the activity level of the ICF using both capacity and performance measures: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Holleran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Rehabil Res Clin Trans"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51234","DOI":"10.2196\/51234","article-title":"An infrastructure framework for remote patient monitoring interventions and research","volume":"26","author":"Claggett","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103135","article-title":"An accelerometry-based methodology for assessment of real-world bilateral upper extremity activity","volume":"9","author":"Bailey","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1682\/jrrd.2012.12.0222","article-title":"Upper-limb activity in adults: referent values using accelerometry","volume":"50","author":"Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316680493","article-title":"Does task-specific training improve upper limb performance in daily life poststroke?","volume":"31","author":"Waddell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20552076231176160","DOI":"10.1177\/20552076231176160","article-title":"The feasibility of remotely monitoring physical, cognitive, and psychosocial function in individuals with stroke or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"9","author":"French","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48463","DOI":"10.2196\/48463","article-title":"Patient and staff experience of remote patient monitoring\u2014what to measure and how: systematic review","volume":"26","author":"Pannunzio","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2016.02.007","article-title":"The wild wild west: a framework to integrate mHealth software applications and wearables to support physical activity assessment, counseling and interventions for cardiovascular disease risk reduction","volume":"58","author":"Lobelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooaa052","article-title":"Patient-generated health data and electronic health record integration: a scoping review","volume":"3","author":"Tiase","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"key":"B55","first-page":"112","article-title":"Clinicians\u2019 perspectives in using patient-generated health data to improve ischemic heart disease management","volume":"2022","author":"Alaboud","year":"2022","journal-title":"AMIA Jt Summits Transl Sci Proc"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2024.240049R1","article-title":"Clinician-Reported barriers and needs for implementation of continuous glucose monitoring","volume":"37","author":"Hall","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1177\/19322968231178549","article-title":"The need for data standards and implementation policies to integrate insulin delivery data into the electronic health record","volume":"17","author":"Espinoza","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2021.7088","article-title":"Adoption of patient-generated health data in oncology: a report from the NCCN EHR oncology advisory group","volume":"20","author":"Stetson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34483","DOI":"10.2196\/34483","article-title":"Reimagining connected care in the era of digital medicine","volume":"10","author":"Mann","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2417873","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.17873","article-title":"Remote monitoring app for endocrine therapy adherence among patients with early-stage breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Graetz","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-023-01529-8","article-title":"Association between adherence, A1C improvement, and type of continuous glucose monitoring system in people with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes treated with intensive insulin therapy","volume":"15","author":"Nemlekar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Digital Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1534419\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T01:30:25Z","timestamp":1745803825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1534419\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1534419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1534419","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.11.25.24317911","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2673-253X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-253X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"article-number":"1534419"}}