{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:21:42Z","timestamp":1765808502011,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Digit. Health"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The accelerating integration of digital technologies with human experience has precipitated profound cognitive, emotional, and behavioral transformations, giving rise to emergent psychopathologies that remain insufficiently addressed by traditional diagnostic taxonomies. This study introduces a novel reconceptualization of mental health in the digital era, delineating four original diagnostic categories: Cognitive Fragmentation and Digital Overload Disorders, Social Media and Immersive Technology-Induced Disorders, Technology Integration Disorders, and Symptom-Driven Disorders Requiring Diagnostic Adaptation. To explore the clinical salience of these emerging constructs, a mixed-methods pilot investigation was conducted involving a cross-sectional survey of 75 licensed mental health professionals and a retrospective analysis of 225 anonymized patient records. Findings revealed substantial clinical recognition of digital-era syndromes, with Continuous Partial Attention Disorder (CPAD) and Digital Anxiety Disorder (DAD) endorsed by 85.3% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200964\/75) and 82.7% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200962\/75) of clinicians, respectively. Symptom severity was predominantly rated as moderate. Inferential analyses revealed a statistically significant association between years of clinical experience and recognition of AI-related psychopathologies, including AI Identity Diffusion Disorder [\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (1,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200975)\u2009=\u20095.33,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.021]. Chart review corroborated these findings, with 76% (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009171\/225) of cases documenting symptoms consistent with digital-era psychopathologies, and CPAD alone noted in 36.4% of records. These results underscore the growing clinical relevance of technology-induced mental health disorders and highlight the urgent need to evolve current diagnostic frameworks. The paper calls for the development of standardized, digitally responsive assessment tools and the design of innovative, context-sensitive therapeutic modalities. Future research should prioritize longitudinal investigations, digital phenotyping, and psychometric validation to enhance diagnostic precision and treatment effectiveness in an increasingly digitized world.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1693287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T06:32:24Z","timestamp":1762929144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Redefining psychopathology in the context of digital overload: emerging disorders in the age of information saturation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Shirin Abdallah","family":"Alimour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alrabeei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10080279","article-title":"Digital overload among college students: implications for mental health app use","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2021.106899","article-title":"From cognitive overload to digital detox: psychological implications of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"124","author":"Schmitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6371","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000002576","article-title":"Digital multitasking and hyperactivity: unveiling the hidden costs to brain health","volume":"86","author":"Hasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/1529100617727267","article-title":"Moving toward the future in the diagnosis of mental disorders","volume":"18","author":"Appelbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychol Sci Public Interest"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12940","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12940","article-title":"Identity development in the digital context","volume":"18","author":"Soh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00446\/full","article-title":"Psychopathology\u2014a precision tool in need of re-sharpening","volume":"9","author":"Schultze-Lutter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"article-title":"AI-driven feedback loops in digital technologies: Psychological impacts on user behaviour and well-being","year":"2024","author":"Chen","key":"B7"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/0165551520985495","article-title":"Embodying algorithms, enactive artificial intelligence and the extended cognition: you can see as much as you know about algorithm","volume":"49","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Information Science"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.030","article-title":"Problematic smartphone use: a conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology","volume":"207","author":"Elhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25382","DOI":"10.2196\/25382","article-title":"The current state and diagnostic accuracy of digital mental health assessment tools for psychiatric disorders: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Martin-Key","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bja.2023.26","article-title":"Digital phenotyping in psychiatry","volume":"29","author":"Williamson","year":"2023","journal-title":"BJPsych Adv"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12222","article-title":"The digital revolution and its impact on mental health care","volume":"92","author":"Bucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.59","article-title":"How to overcome taxonomical problems in the study of internet use disorders and what to do with \u2019smartphone addiction\u2019?","volume":"9","author":"Montag","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402746","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1402746","article-title":"Attention switching through text dissimilarity: a cognition research on fragmented reading behavior.","volume":"18","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106364","article-title":"Investigating the links between fear of missing out, social media addiction, and emotional symptoms in adolescence","volume":"106","author":"Fabris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25382","DOI":"10.2196\/25382","article-title":"The current state and diagnostic accuracy of digital mental hefalth assessment tools for psychiatric disorders: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Martin-Key","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44502","DOI":"10.2196\/44502","article-title":"Digital phenotyping: data-driven psychiatry to redefine mental health","volume":"25","author":"Oudin","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2023.101110","article-title":"A systematic review of digital media use and mental health outcomes: an update and critical synthesis.","volume":"54","author":"Montag","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2024.100643","article-title":"Emerging psychological impacts of hyperconnectivity: a meta-analytic review of digital addiction and cognitive dysfunction.","volume":"36","author":"Dhir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog1202_4","article-title":"Cognitive load during problem solving: effects on learning","volume":"12","author":"Sweller","year":"1988","journal-title":"Cogn Sci"},{"volume-title":"Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience","year":"1990","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","key":"B21"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/001872675400700202","article-title":"A theory of social comparison processes","volume":"7","author":"Festinger","year":"1954","journal-title":"Hum Relations"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/009365096023001001","article-title":"Computer-Mediated communication: impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction","volume":"23","author":"Walther","year":"1996","journal-title":"Communic Res"},{"key":"B24","unstructured":"Ambat\n              JK\n            \n          \n          Bournemouth\n          Bournemouth University\n          Excessive use of digital devices: a qualitative study on perceived causes and impact\n          \n          2025"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00067","article-title":"Flow theory in digital gaming: implications for cognitive load and attention management","volume":"10","author":"Huynh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Behav Addict"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819888720","article-title":"Social media is not real: the effect of \u2018Instagram vs reality\u2019 images on women\u2019s social comparison and body image","volume":"22","author":"Tiggemann","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Media Soc"},{"key":"B27","unstructured":"Van Sommeren\n              MA\n            \n          \n          Wageningen\n          Wageningen University & Research\n          The influence of a farmers\u2019 self-identity on the decision-making about adopting technological innovations\n          \n          2019"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s12187-016-9438-3","article-title":"The relationship between emotional dependence on Facebook and psychological well-being in adolescents aged 13\u201316","volume":"10","author":"Naeemi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Indic Res"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enw073","article-title":"The significance of deaf identity for psychological well-being","volume":"22","author":"Chapman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.012","article-title":"Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing\u2014a study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression","volume":"40","author":"Dhir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Inf Manage"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100313","article-title":"Discussing digital technology overuse in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: on the importance of considering affective neuroscience theory","volume":"5","author":"Montag","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav Rep"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1108\/IntR-01-2017-0019","article-title":"Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic smartphone use: the prominent role of rumination","volume":"28","author":"Elhai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Res"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46276-9","volume-title":"Internet Addiction: Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction","author":"Montag","year":"2017"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0169839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169839","article-title":"Problematic social media use: results from a large-scale nationally representative adolescent sample","volume":"12","author":"B\u00e1nyai","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2753\/MIS0742-1222240109","article-title":"The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity","volume":"24","author":"Tarafdar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Manage Info Syst"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2025.100824","article-title":"Digital interventions in mental health: an overview and future perspectives","volume":"40","author":"L\u00f6chner","year":"2025","journal-title":"Internet Interv"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13060475","article-title":"Social media use and depression in adolescents: a scoping review","volume":"13","author":"Azem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s43045-023-00362-w","article-title":"Social media psychology and mental health","volume":"30","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Middle East Curr Psychiatry"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15040481","article-title":"Online captive: the impact of social media addiction on depression and anxiety\u2014an SEM approach to the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating effects of age and professional status","volume":"15","author":"Li\u021ban","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav Sci"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsis.2024.101885","article-title":"Responsible artificial intelligence governance: a review and research framework","volume":"34","author":"Papagiannidis","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Strateg Inf Syst"},{"key":"B41","first-page":"38","article-title":"Algorithmic bias and discrimination through digitalisation in education: a socio-technical view","volume-title":"World Yearbook of Education 2024: Digitalisation of Education in the Era of Algorithms, Automation and Artificial Intelligence","author":"Eynon","year":"2023"},{"volume-title":"Ethics in Artificial Intelligence: Bias, Fairness and Beyond (Vol. 1123)","year":"2023","author":"Mukherjee","key":"B42"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-024-01705-w","article-title":"Association between problematic social networking use and anxiety symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychol"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.47772\/IJRISS.2025.90300011","article-title":"A systematic review of the impact of artificial intelligence, digital technology, and social media on cognitive functions.","volume":"9","author":"Deckker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Res Innov Soc Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-023-00787-x","article-title":"Algorithmic fairness in AI","volume":"65","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bus Info Syst Eng"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-024-09746-w","article-title":"Policy advice and best practices on bias and fairness in AI","volume":"26","author":"Alvarez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ethics Inf Technol"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15283488.2024.2404004","article-title":"A digital identity intervention incorporating social media activities promotes identity exploration and commitment among emerging adults","volume":"11","author":"Soh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Identity"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.3390\/app15020865","article-title":"Privacy and security in digital health contact-tracing: a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Pigera","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/09637214221140120","article-title":"Global well-being and mental health in the internet age","volume":"32","author":"Vuorre","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"article-title":"Large-scale digital phenotyping: identifying depression and anxiety indicators in a general UK population with over 10,000 participants","year":"2024","author":"Zhang","key":"B50"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1177\/13548565211048969","article-title":"Understanding digital disconnection beyond media studies.","volume":"27","author":"Moe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Convergence."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.02.014","article-title":"Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out","volume":"29","author":"Przybylski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01171-6","article-title":"Associations between COVID-19 related media consumption and symptoms of anxiety, depression and COVID-19 related fear in the general population in Germany","volume":"271","author":"Bendau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1806781116","article-title":"Fighting misinformation on social media using crowdsourced judgments of news source quality","volume":"116","author":"Pennycook","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2017.29099.gri","article-title":"Neuroscience of virtual reality: from virtual exposure to embodied medicine","volume":"22","author":"Riva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2020.100252","article-title":"Narcissism and problematic social media use: a systematic literature review","volume":"11","author":"Casale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav Rep"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30226-8","article-title":"Automated psychological therapy using immersive virtual reality for treatment of fear of heights: a single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Freeman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15583","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903620106","article-title":"Cognitive control in media multitaskers","volume":"106","author":"Ophir","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/apps.12290","article-title":"Achieving effective remote working during the COVID-19 pandemic: a work design perspective","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Psychol"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2014.12.002","article-title":"Social comparisons on social media: the impact of Facebook on young women\u2019s body image concerns and mood","volume":"13","author":"Fardouly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916511404408","article-title":"Psychological and health outcomes of perceived information overload","volume":"44","author":"Misra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-020-00950-y","article-title":"Recommender systems and their ethical challenges","volume":"35","author":"Milano","year":"2020","journal-title":"AI Soc"},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.04.067","article-title":"The role of attachment style and anthropomorphism in predicting hoarding behaviours in a non-clinical sample.","volume":"99","author":"Neave","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pers Individ Differ."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2020.102551","article-title":"The effects of explainability and causability on perception, trust, and acceptance: implications for explainable AI.","volume":"102551","author":"Shin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Stud."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.62441\/nano-ntp.v20iS13.79","article-title":"Quantum computing and its implications for cybersecurity: a comprehensive review of emerging threats and defenses.","volume":"20","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanotechnol Percept."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721420915872","article-title":"Aging in an era of fake news","volume":"29","author":"Brashier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2019.1646517","article-title":"The social media party: fear of missing out (FoMO), social media intensity, connection, and well-being","volume":"36","author":"Roberts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Inter"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.08.040","article-title":"Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults","volume":"207","author":"Vannucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-024-00797-x","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between media use and depressive symptoms among gender diverse youth: findings of the mental health days study","volume":"18","author":"Klinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1108\/INTR-05-2023-0390","article-title":"Perceived information overload and behavioral outcomes: the moderating role of mixed emotions during public health emergencies","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Res"},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-023-09746-0","article-title":"Cognitive control in adolescents and young adults with media multitasking experience: a three-level meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TTS.2025.3558448","author":"Atf","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Technol Soc"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s11245-023-09922-5","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and autonomy: on the ethical dimension of recommender systems","volume":"42","author":"Bonicalzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Topoi"},{"volume-title":"Social media use, Loneliness, and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adults","year":"2023","author":"Taylor","key":"B74"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05400-9","article-title":"Effects of different interventions on internet addiction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"B76","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nonverbal mechanisms predict zoom fatigue and explain why women experience higher levels than men","volume":"2","author":"Fauville","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol Mind Behav"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093345","article-title":"Treatment modalities for internet addiction in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Ayub","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1057\/9781137465078","volume-title":"Internet Addiction in Psychotherapy","author":"Kuss","year":"2015"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-023-01787-8","article-title":"Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education.","volume":"10","author":"Ahmad","year":"2003","journal-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11257-023-09364-z","article-title":"Fairness in recommender systems: research landscape and future directions","volume":"34","author":"Deldjoo","year":"2024","journal-title":"User Model User Adapt Interact"},{"key":"B81","first-page":"141","article-title":"The ethical and legal challenges of recommender systems driven by artificial intelligence","volume-title":"Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law. Law, Governance and Technology Series","author":"Magrani","year":"2024"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2271-7","author":"Deci","year":"1985","journal-title":"Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13190","article-title":"Annual research review: adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions.","volume":"61","author":"Odgers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Digital Health"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1693287\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T06:32:29Z","timestamp":1762929149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1693287\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1693287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2025.1693287","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-253X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2673-253X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]]},"article-number":"1693287"}}