{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T18:39:36Z","timestamp":1782844776675,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurorobot."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hemiparesis is a common consequence of stroke that severely impacts the life quality of the patients. Active training is a key factor in achieving optimal neural recovery, but current systems for wrist rehabilitation present challenges in terms of portability, cost, and the potential for muscle fatigue during prolonged use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To address these challenges, this paper proposes a low-cost, portable wrist rehabilitation system with a control strategy that combines surface electromyogram (sEMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to encourage patients to engage in consecutive, spontaneous rehabilitation sessions. In addition, a detection method for muscle fatigue based on the Boruta algorithm and a post-processing layer are proposed, allowing for the switch between sEMG and EEG modes when muscle fatigue occurs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>This method significantly improves accuracy of fatigue detection from 4.90 to 10.49% for four distinct wrist motions, while the Boruta algorithm selects the most essential features and stabilizes the effects of post-processing. The paper also presents an alternative control mode that employs EEG signals to maintain active control, achieving an accuracy of approximately 80% in detecting motion intention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For the occurrence of muscle fatigue during long term rehabilitation training, the proposed system presents a promising approach to addressing the limitations of existing wrist rehabilitation systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2023.1161187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T06:04:02Z","timestamp":1684908242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A low-cost and portable wrist exoskeleton using EEG-sEMG combined strategy for prolonged active rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shiqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiale","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanghua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.21307\/ijssis-2017-906","article-title":"Design of smart robot for wrist rehabilitation","volume":"9","author":"Abdallah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. 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