{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T16:23:43Z","timestamp":1776788623340,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]],"date-time":"2023-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurorobot."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we propose a monocular catadioptric panoramic depth estimation algorithm based on an improved end-to-end neural network model. First, we use an enhanced concentric circle approximation unfolding algorithm to unfold the panoramic images captured by the catadioptric panoramic camera and then extract the effective regions. In addition, the integration of the Non-local attention mechanism is exploited to improve image understanding. Finally, a depth smoothness loss strategy is implemented to further enhance the reliability and precision of the estimated depths. Experimental results confirm that this refined algorithm is capable of providing highly accurate estimates of object depth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2023.1278986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T05:39:23Z","timestamp":1695706763000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Monocular catadioptric panoramic depth estimation via improved end-to-end neural network model"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xupeng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1600","article-title":"\u201cBi3d: Stereo depth estimation via binary classifications,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Badki","year":"2020"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1998.710698","article-title":"\u201cA theory of catadioptric image formation,\u201d","volume-title":"Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. 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