{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:49:53Z","timestamp":1784396993971,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurorobot."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acupoint localization is integral to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) acupuncture diagnosis and treatment. Employing intelligent detection models for recognizing facial acupoints can substantially enhance localization accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study introduces an advancement in the YOLOv8-pose keypoint detection algorithm, tailored for facial acupoints, and named YOLOv8-ACU. This model enhances acupoint feature extraction by integrating ECA attention, replaces the original neck module with a lighter Slim-neck module, and improves the loss function for GIoU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The YOLOv8-ACU model achieves impressive accuracy, with an mAP@0.5 of 97.5% and an mAP@0.5\u20130.95 of 76.9% on our self-constructed datasets. It also marks a reduction in model parameters by 0.44M, model size by 0.82 MB, and GFLOPs by 9.3%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>With its enhanced recognition accuracy and efficiency, along with good generalization ability, YOLOv8-ACU provides significant reference value for facial acupoint localization and detection. This is particularly beneficial for Chinese medicine practitioners engaged in facial acupoint research and intelligent detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2024.1355857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T04:25:25Z","timestamp":1706761525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["YOLOv8-ACU: improved YOLOv8-pose for facial acupoint detection"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zijian","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengwei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinuo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijie","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Buqun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiqing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-011-0611-x","article-title":"3D. facial expression recognition using SIFT descriptors of automatically detected keypoints","volume":"27","author":"Berretti","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Visual Comput"},{"key":"B2","first-page":"6154","article-title":"\u201cCascade r-cnn: delving into high quality object detection,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.","author":"Cai","year":"2018"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.06.009","article-title":"Acupuncture","volume":"88","author":"Chon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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