{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:04:46Z","timestamp":1753891486069,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neurorobot."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sea jellyfish stings pose a threat to human health, and traditional detection methods face challenges in terms of accuracy and real-time capabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To address this, we propose a novel algorithm that integrates YOLOv4 object detection, an attention mechanism, and PID control. We enhance YOLOv4 to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of detection. Additionally, we introduce an attention mechanism to automatically focus on critical areas of sea jellyfish stings, enhancing detection precision. Ultimately, utilizing the PID control algorithm, we achieve adaptive adjustments in the robot's movements and posture based on the detection results. Extensive experimental evaluations using a real sea jellyfish sting image dataset demonstrate significant improvements in accuracy and real-time performance using our proposed algorithm. Compared to traditional methods, our algorithm more accurately detects sea jellyfish stings and dynamically adjusts the robot's actions in real-time, maximizing protection for human health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results and discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The significance of this research lies in providing an efficient and accurate sea jellyfish sting detection algorithm for intelligent robot systems. The algorithm exhibits notable improvements in real-time capabilities and precision, aiding robot systems in better identifying and addressing sea jellyfish stings, thereby safeguarding human health. Moreover, the algorithm possesses a certain level of generality and can be applied to other applications in target detection and adaptive control, offering broad prospects for diverse applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2024.1375886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T04:42:16Z","timestamp":1716439336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Real-time precision detection algorithm for jellyfish stings in neural computing, featuring adaptive deep learning enhanced by an advanced YOLOv4 framework"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2020.0110807","article-title":"Road object detection using yolov3 and kitti dataset","volume":"11","author":"Al-refai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comp. Sci. Appl"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2018.08.007","article-title":"Multi-modal fusion network with multi-scale multi-path and cross-modal interactions for rgb-d salient object detection","volume":"86","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8430","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148430","article-title":"Raising awareness on the clinical and forensic aspects of jellyfish stings: a worldwide increasing threat","volume":"19","author":"Cunha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9813","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3044958","article-title":"Attentional local contrast networks for infrared small target detection","volume":"59","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"\u201cYolov4 object detection algorithm with efficient channel attention mechanism,\u201d17641770\n            GaoC.\n            CaiQ.\n            MingS.\n          HarbinIEEE2020 5th International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE)2020"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8160","DOI":"10.3390\/s21238160","article-title":"Real-time jellyfish classification and detection based on improved yolov3 algorithm","volume":"21","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3082939","article-title":"Unified information fusion network for multi-modal rgb-d and rgb-t salient object detection","volume":"32","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.136477","article-title":"Strategy to combine two functional components: efficient nano material development for iodine immobilization","volume":"309","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2018.8621865","article-title":"\u201cYolo-lite: a real-time object detection algorithm optimized for non-gpu computers,\u201d","volume-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (big data)","author":"Huang","year":"2018"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214871","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2023.1214871","article-title":"Neurorobotics explores the human senses","volume":"17","author":"Khamassi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurorobot"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"\u201cTiny-dsod: lightweight object detection for resource-restricted usages,\u201d\n            LiY.\n            LiJ.\n            LinW.\n            LiJ.\n          arXiv2018"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"535","article-title":"\u201cSimulation of robot automatic control model based on artificial intelligence algorithm,\u201d","author":"Lin","year":"2023"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-023-04109-4","article-title":"Retinanet-vline: a flexible small target detection algorithm for efficient aggregation of information","volume":"2023","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cluster Comput"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMA52036.2021.9512666","article-title":"\u201cTarget detection and tracking of ground mobile robot based on improved single shot multibox detector network,\u201d","volume-title":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA)","author":"Ma","year":"2021"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121036","article-title":"An improved lightweight small object detection framework applied to real-time autonomous driving","volume":"234","author":"Mahaur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3390\/s20061708","article-title":"Jellytoring: real-time jellyfish monitoring based on deep learning object detection","volume":"20","author":"Martin-Abadal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9325","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964540","article-title":"Attention mask r-cnn for ship detection and segmentation from remote sensing images","volume":"8","author":"Nie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ieee Access"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2021.108411","article-title":"Visual vs internal attention mechanisms in deep neural networks for image classification and object detection","volume":"123","author":"Obeso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06651-x","article-title":"A fast accurate fine-grain object detection model based on yolov4 deep neural network","volume":"2022","author":"Roy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Comp. Appl"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCS51430.2021.9441788","article-title":"\u201cInformation measure computation and its impact in mi coco dataset,\u201d","volume-title":"2021 7th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)","author":"Sharma","year":"2021"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2021.107261","article-title":"Yolov4_drone: Uav image target detection based on an improved yolov4 algorithm","volume":"93","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Electrical Eng"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2023.103830","article-title":"Rethinking pascal-voc and ms-coco dataset for small object detection","volume":"93","author":"Tong","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.696","article-title":"\u201cLearning from noisy large-scale datasets with minimal supervision,\u201d","author":"Veit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v13i3.pp2498-2507","article-title":"Fuzzy-proportional-integral-derivative-based controller for object tracking in mobile robots","volume":"13","author":"Vuong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Elect. Comp. Eng"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200002","DOI":"10.1002\/adts.202200002","article-title":"Toward structural learning and enhanced yolov4 network for object detection in optical remote sensing images","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Theory Simulat"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestwater.0c00262","article-title":"Magnesium-functionalized ferro metal-carbon nanocomposite (mg-femec) for efficient uranium extraction from natural seawater","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS ES&T Water"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12816","DOI":"10.3390\/app132312816","article-title":"A novel model-free adaptive proportional-integral-derivative control method for speed-tracking systems of electric balanced forklifts","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Sci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2023.105048","article-title":"Toxin metalloproteinases exert a dominant influence on pro-inflammatory response and anti-inflammatory regulation in jellyfish sting dermatitis","volume":"292","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Proteomics"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861286","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.861286","article-title":"Real-time target detection method based on lightweight convolutional neural network","volume":"10","author":"Yun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2021.104190","article-title":"Underwater target detection based on faster r-cnn and adversarial occlusion network","volume":"100","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2021.108201","article-title":"Novel fuzzy clustering algorithm with variable multi-pixel fitting spatial information for image segmentation","volume":"121","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4481","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3012981","article-title":"A novel pattern for infrared small target detection with generative adversarial network","volume":"59","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neurorobotics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbot.2024.1375886\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T04:42:22Z","timestamp":1716439342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnbot.2024.1375886\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnbot.2024.1375886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbot.2024.1375886","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5218"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1662-5218"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"article-number":"1375886"}}