{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T06:04:38Z","timestamp":1780639478962,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Neurosci."],"abstract":"<jats:p>We propose that current Neuroscience approaches can benefit from further integrating morphodynamics across different scales of brain organization and neural network emergent functions in complex systems. While emergence in neuroscience is commonly addressed at higher organizational levels, here we consider neuronal morphology itself as an emergent level of organization. Progressing from form-based complexity views, early models of neuronal morphogenesis, and functional approaches, we integrate cell morphology to behavior with particular relevance to the following issues: (1) Neuronal Morphological Diversity and Circuitry Function, (2) Mother-Infant Relationships, and (3) Epilepsy and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities. The structure of neurons and their connectivity within the brain volume are morphodynamic features that emerge from dynamic interactions among morphogenetic elements, the local cell neighborhood, and synaptic connections. In turn, the emergent functions of networks are organized around a series of conceptual, experimental, and computational foundations. Complex systems neuroscience combines such data with additional high- and multiscale information to develop models organized around structure, function, and behavioral displays in both normal and pathological conditions. Here, we present and discuss examples that approximate this framework, drawing on animal models and human data. Such an integrated approach aligns with the ongoing efforts promoted by UNESCO\u2019s \u201cUniTwin Complex Systems Digital Campus\u201d (CS-DC) to collaboratively address open, multiscale problems in neuroscience and complex systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2026.1800523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:39:50Z","timestamp":1780637990000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New directions for complex systems in contemporary neuroscience: a morphodynamic and emergent function approach"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Enver M.","family":"Oruro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocomputing, Social Simulation and Complex Systems Laboratory, Scientific Research Institute, Andean University of Cusco","place":["Cuzco, Peru"]},{"name":"Morphodynamic Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC","place":["Cusco, Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace E.","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphodynamic Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC","place":["Cusco, Peru"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Institute, Andean University of Cusco","place":["Cuzco, Peru"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto A.","family":"Rasia-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphodynamic Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC","place":["Cusco, Peru"]},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences\/Physiology and Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA)","place":["Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre","place":["Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norberto","family":"Garcia-Cairasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morphodynamic Neuroscience and Behavior Laboratory, UNESCO UniTwin CS-DC","place":["Cusco, Peru"]},{"name":"Neurophysiology and Experimental Neuroethology Laboratory, Physiology Department, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto School of Medicine, Graduate Programs in Physiology and in Neurology, Neurosciences and Neuropsychiatry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto","place":["S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00402","article-title":"Olfaction, navigation, and the origin of isocortex.","volume":"9","author":"Aboitiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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