{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T14:36:25Z","timestamp":1778337385223,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006739","name":"Capital Foundation of Medical Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neuroinform."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold> Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a multisystem genetic imprinting disorder mainly characterized by hyperphagia and childhood obesity. Extensive structural alterations are expected in PWS patients, and their influence on brain nuclei should be early and profound. To date, few studies have investigated brain nuclei in children with PWS, although functional and structural alterations of the cortex have been reported widely.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In the current study, we used T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations in brain nuclei by three automated analysis methods: shape analysis to evaluate the shape of 14 cerebral nuclei (bilateral thalamus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens), automated segmentation methods integrated in Freesurfer 7.2.0 to investigate the volume of hypothalamic subregions, and region of interest-based analysis to investigate the volume of deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Twelve age- and sex-matched children with PWS, 18 obese children without PWS (OB) and 18 healthy controls participated in this study.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Compared with control and OB individuals, the PWS group exhibited significant atrophy in the bilateral thalamus, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, right caudate, bilateral hypothalamus (left anterior-inferior, bilateral posterior, and bilateral tubular inferior subunits) and bilateral DCN (dentate, interposed, and fastigial nuclei), whereas no significant difference was found between the OB and control groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Discussion:<\/jats:bold> Based on our evidence, we suggested that alterations in brain nuclei influenced by imprinted genes were associated with clinical manifestations of PWS, such as eating disorders, cognitive disability and endocrine abnormalities, which were distinct from the neural mechanisms of obese children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2022.1032636","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T06:34:35Z","timestamp":1668753275000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Alteration of brain nuclei in obese children with and without Prader-Willi syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingze","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1443","article-title":"GLP-1 neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract project directly to the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens to control for food intake","volume":"153","author":"Alhadeff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-015-0312-9","article-title":"Prader-Willi syndrome: a review of clinical, genetic and endocrine findings","volume":"38","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.01.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of insulin resistance in the amygdala: influences on food intake","volume":"282","author":"Areias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.013","article-title":"MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus","volume":"59","author":"Baroncini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0223-5","article-title":"Cortical and subcortical gray matter structural alterations in normoglycemic obese and type 2 diabetes patients: relationship with adiposity, glucose and insulin","volume":"33","author":"Bernardes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metab. Brain Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117287","article-title":"Automated segmentation of the hypothalamus and associated subunits in brain MRI","volume":"223","author":"Billot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399405009531","article-title":"Prader-Willi syndrome: clinical genetics, cytogenetics and molecular biology","volume":"7","author":"Bittel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153320","article-title":"Cerebellar dysfunction in adults with Prader Willi syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Blanco-Hinojo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22159","article-title":"Cross-sectional and longitudinal association of body mass index and brain volume","volume":"35","author":"Bobb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcac229","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac229","article-title":"In vivo neuroimaging evidence of hypothalamic alteration in Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.84","article-title":"Obese children show hyperactivation to food pictures in brain networks linked to motivation, reward and cognitive control","volume":"34","author":"Bruce","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. (Lond)"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2014.05.003","article-title":"From ventral-medial to dorsal-lateral striatum: neural correlates of reward-guided decision-making","volume":"117","author":"Burton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Learn. Mem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320350306","article-title":"Prader-Willi syndrome: current understanding of cause and diagnosis","volume":"35","author":"Butler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-33536-0","volume-title":"Management of Prader-Willi Syndrome.","author":"Butler","year":"2006"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00090","article-title":"Lateral hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum roles in eating and hunger: interactions between homeostatic and reward circuitry","volume":"9","author":"Castro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1167","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab754","article-title":"Brain mechanisms of pain and dysautonomia in diabetic neuropathy: connectivity changes in thalamus and hypothalamus","volume":"107","author":"Chao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.4.358","article-title":"Prader-Willi syndrome, compulsive and ritualistic behaviours: the first population-based survey","volume":"180","author":"Clarke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12994","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12994","article-title":"Hypothalamic neuropeptides and neurocircuitries in Prader Willi syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Correa-da-Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12101399","article-title":"Subicular and CA1 hippocampal projections to the accessory olfactory bulb","volume":"19","author":"De La Rosa-Prieto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019181012","article-title":"Obesity, brain volume and white matter microstructure at MRI: a cross-sectional UK Biobank study","volume":"291","author":"Dekkers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1656","article-title":"Ghrelin controls hippocampal spine synapse density and memory performance","volume":"9","author":"Diano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.045","article-title":"A probabilistic MR atlas of the human cerebellum","volume":"46","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.035","article-title":"Imaging the deep cerebellar nuclei: a probabilistic atlas and normalization procedure","volume":"54","author":"Diedrichsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/nm919","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor is involved in learning and neuroprotection","volume":"9","author":"During","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(1997)102%33C0228:MBICWP%3E2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Maladaptive behavior in children with Prader-Willi syndrome, Down syndrome and nonspecific mental retardation","volume":"102","author":"Dykens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Ment. Retard."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.038","article-title":"Anatomical phenotyping in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"53","author":"Ellegood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.11.031","article-title":"Are the dorsal and ventral hippocampus functionally distinct structures?","volume":"65","author":"Fanselow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.2014","article-title":"Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008","volume":"303","author":"Flegal","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818726","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.818726","article-title":"Characterizing pharmacokinetics in children with obesity\u2014physiological, drug, patient and methodological considerations","volume":"13","author":"Gerhart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)53003-1","article-title":"The hypothalamus, hormones and hunger: alterations in human obesity and illness","volume":"153","author":"Goldstone","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1087919","article-title":"Encoding predictive reward value in human amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex","volume":"301","author":"Gottfried","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.09.004","article-title":"The cognitive functions of the caudate nucleus","volume":"86","author":"Grahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-009-0119-3","article-title":"Functional imaging of the deep cerebellar nuclei: a review","volume":"9","author":"Habas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/s0387-7604(12)80281-6","article-title":"A neuropathological study of a case of the Prader-Willi syndrome with an interstitial deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15","volume":"14","author":"Hayashi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Dev."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00812.x","article-title":"An investigation into food preferences and the neural basis of food-related incentive motivation in Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Hinton","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291702006736","article-title":"Behavioural phenotypes associated with specific genetic disorders: evidence from a population-based study of people with Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Holland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.118","article-title":"Neural mechanisms underlying hyperphagia in Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Holsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32022","article-title":"The neuroanatomy of genetic subtype differences in Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"159","author":"Honea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66231","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66231","article-title":"Diverse inhibitory projections from the cerebellar interposed nucleus","volume":"10","author":"Judd","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.09.011","article-title":"Hippocampus contributions to food intake control: mnemonic, neuroanatomical and endocrine mechanisms","volume":"81","author":"Kanoski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.016","article-title":"Reward mechanisms in obesity: new insights and future directions","volume":"69","author":"Kenny","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1016\/s1053-8119(03)00191-5","article-title":"Cortical and limbic activation during viewing of high-versus low-calorie foods","volume":"19","author":"Killgore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.12.052","article-title":"Comparison of volumetric and shape changes of subcortical structures based on 3-dimensional image between obesity and normal-weighted subjects using 3.0 T MRI","volume":"73","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1156","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.1996.271.5.R1156","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia in rats with obesity-inducing amygdaloid lesions","volume":"271","author":"King","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(94)90087-6","article-title":"Effect on food intake and body weight of lesions in and adjacent to the posterodorsal amygdala in rats","volume":"55","author":"King","year":"1994","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.005","article-title":"Placing the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus within the brain circuits that control behavior","volume":"56","author":"Kirouac","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.10.1064","article-title":"Activation of the human orbitofrontal cortex to a liquid food stimulus is correlated with its subjective pleasantness","volume":"13","author":"Kringelbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10629-z","article-title":"Alterations of the structural covariance network in the hypothalamus of patients with cluster headache","volume":"269","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15761","article-title":"Subcortical brain segmentation in 5-year-old children: validation of FSL-FIRST and FreeSurfer against manual segmentation","author":"Lidauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04143-5","article-title":"Reverse-translational identification of a cerebellar satiation network","volume":"600","author":"Low","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.04.008","article-title":"The volumetric and shape changes of the putamen and thalamus in first episode, untreated major depressive disorder","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-017-9188-7","article-title":"Altered functional resting-state hypothalamic connectivity and abnormal pituitary morphology in children with Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Lukoshe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disord."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-5-31","article-title":"Divergent structural brain abnormalities between different genetic subtypes of children with Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Lukoshe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disord."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases3040382","article-title":"Puzzle pieces: neural structure and function in Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Manning","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.12.027","article-title":"Grey matter volume and cortical structure in Prader-Willi syndrome compared to typically developing young adults","volume":"17","author":"Manning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31508","article-title":"Intracranial abnormalities detected by three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging in Prader\u2013Willi syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Miller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Genet. Part A"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.04.013","article-title":"Neurocognitive findings in Prader-Willi syndrome and early-onset morbid obesity","volume":"149","author":"Miller","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.2.4.6354","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of hippocampal dendritic morphology and synaptic plasticity","volume":"2","author":"Moult","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Adh. Migr."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.010","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease and local atrophy in subcortical nuclei: insight from shape analysis","volume":"36","author":"Nemmi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21089","article-title":"Small gray matter volume in orbitofrontal cortex in Prader-Willi syndrome: a voxel-based MRI study","volume":"32","author":"Ogura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-011-9119-2","article-title":"Body weight and the reward system: the volume of the right amygdala may be associated with body mass index in young overweight men","volume":"5","author":"Orsi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516001239","article-title":"Physical fitness and shapes of subcortical brain structures in children","volume":"122","author":"Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.046","article-title":"A Bayesian model of shape and appearance for subcortical brain segmentation","volume":"56","author":"Patenaude","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13738","article-title":"Heritability of the shape of subcortical brain structures in the general population","volume":"7","author":"Roshchupkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2014.10.023","article-title":"The hypothalamus","volume":"24","author":"Saper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RC186","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-24-j0001.2001","article-title":"Leptin enhances NMDA receptor function and modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity","volume":"21","author":"Shanley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-03383-9","article-title":"Cerebellar neurons that curb food consumption","volume":"600","author":"Simerly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291707002504","article-title":"The phenomenology and diagnosis of psychiatric illness in people with Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Soni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI59660","article-title":"Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans","volume":"122","author":"Thaler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53578-4","article-title":"Higher body mass index is linked to altered hypothalamic microstructure","volume":"9","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.05.015","article-title":"Shape analysis of subcortical nuclei in Huntington\u2019s disease, global versus local atrophy\u2014results from the TRACK-HD study","volume":"307","author":"van den Bogaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/h4env","article-title":"Traces of impaired social communication and cognitive ability in the youth brain are shared across diagnostic boundaries","author":"Voldsbekk","year":"2022","journal-title":"PsyArXiv"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.001","article-title":"Reward, dopamine and the control of food intake: implications for obesity","volume":"15","author":"Volkow","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00386","article-title":"GRETNA: a graph theoretical network analysis toolbox for imaging connectomics","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.11-04-01095.1991","article-title":"Connections of inferior temporal areas TE and TEO with medial temporal-lobe structures in infant and adult monkeys","volume":"11","author":"Webster","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.12.003","article-title":"Some highlights of research on the effects of caudate nucleus lesions over the past 200 years","volume":"199","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.006304","article-title":"Increased amygdalar and hippocampal volumes in elderly obese individuals with or at risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"93","author":"Widya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2018.05.022","article-title":"The neural circuitry of restricted repetitive behavior: Magnetic resonance imaging in neurodevelopmental disorders and animal models","volume":"92","author":"Wilkes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4228","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23660","article-title":"Brain structural alterations in obese children with and without Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01163-1","article-title":"Cerebellar volumes associate with behavioral phenotypes in Prader-Willi syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Yamada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cerebellum"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-016-0047-1","article-title":"Cerebellar fastigial nucleus: from anatomic construction to physiological functions","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebellum Ataxias"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181297","article-title":"High-dimensional mapping of cognition to the brain using voxel-based morphometry and subcortical shape analysis","volume":"71","author":"Zonneveld","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Neuroinformatics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fninf.2022.1032636\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]],"date-time":"2022-11-18T06:34:39Z","timestamp":1668753279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fninf.2022.1032636\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fninf.2022.1032636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fninf.2022.1032636","relation":{},"ISSN":["1662-5196"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1662-5196","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,18]]},"article-number":"1032636"}}