{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:05:25Z","timestamp":1753891525377,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Neuroinform."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epilepsy is a prevalent and serious neurological condition which impacts millions of people worldwide. Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) is used in cases of drug resistant epilepsy to aid in surgical resection planning due to its high spatial resolution and ability to visualize seizure onset zones. For accurate localization of the seizure focus, sEEG studies combine pre-implantation magnetic resonance imaging, post-implant computed tomography to visualize electrodes, and temporally recorded sEEG electrophysiological data. Many tools exist to assist in merging multimodal spatial information; however, few allow for an integrated spatiotemporal view of the electrical activity. In the current work, we present SEEG4D, an automated tool to merge spatial and temporal data into a complete, four-dimensional virtual reality (VR) object with temporal electrophysiology that enables the simultaneous viewing of anatomy and seizure activity for seizure localization and presurgical planning. We developed an automated, containerized pipeline to segment tissues and electrode contacts. Contacts are aligned with electrical activity and then animated based on relative power. SEEG4D generates models which can be loaded into VR platforms for viewing and planning with the surgical team. Automated contact segmentation locations are within 1\u2009mm of trained raters and models generated show signal propagation along electrodes. Critically, spatial\u2013temporal information communicated through our models in a VR space have potential to enhance sEEG pre-surgical planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2024.1465231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T04:48:09Z","timestamp":1725338889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SEEG4D: a tool for 4D visualization of stereoelectroencephalography data"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"James L.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Bramlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Davey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eliot","family":"Bethke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aaron T.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Huesmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yogatheesan","family":"Varatharajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jennifer R.","family":"Amos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bradley P.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16668","article-title":"Early seizure spread and epilepsy surgery: a systematic review","volume":"61","author":"Andrews","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"volume-title":"Toolboxes for SEEG electrode localization and visualization","year":"2022","author":"Armin Vosoughi","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.02.031","article-title":"Phase and amplitude correlations in resting-state activity in human stereotactical EEG recordings","volume":"112","author":"Arnulfo","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13791","article-title":"Defining epileptogenic networks: contribution of SEEG and signal analysis","volume":"58","author":"Bartolomei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2023.107129","article-title":"Four-way Wada: SEEG-based mapping with electrical stimulation, high frequency activity, and phase amplitude coupling to complement traditional Wada and functional MRI prior to epilepsy surgery","volume":"192","author":"Bearden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res."},{"volume-title":"nipy\/nibabel: 5.2.1","year":"2024","author":"Brett","key":"ref6"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773890","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2021.773890","article-title":"BrainQuake: an open-source Python toolbox for the Stereoelectroencephalography spatiotemporal analysis","volume":"15","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. 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