{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:37:12Z","timestamp":1767969432141,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Artif. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contracts usually have clauses that enable contracted parties to adjust their contractual positions in time, e.g., to relieve another party from duty or to grant new permission. This is especially important in long-running service relations, which require contracts to be adjusted to accommodate new or unforeseen circumstances. Despite that, the representation of dynamic aspects of contractual relations has not been given enough attention in the literature. In this study, we address this gap by employing the notions of legal power and legal subjection. We propose an ontological analysis of unilateral contractual changes based on a well-founded legal core ontology that adopts a relational perspective for legal positions. We present a case study to show the benefits of representing different types of contractual changes and how these changes can impact contractual dynamics. The case study is based on recent changes to WhatsApp terms of service.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2023.1042319","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T06:00:13Z","timestamp":1681192813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Modeling the dynamics of contractual relations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Cristine","family":"Griffo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lauro C\u00e9sar","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Samuel","family":"Meira Brasil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mamede-Lima","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Guizzardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo A.","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"A Theory of Constitutional Rights","author":"Alexy","year":"2009"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1590\/1981-5344\/2532","article-title":"Ontoprolog: uma linguagem para especifica\u00e7 ao de discursos sobre ontologias","volume":"22","author":"Araujo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspectivas em Ci\u00eancia da Informa\u00e7 ao"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1459010.1459011","article-title":"Specifying norm-governed computational societies","volume":"10","author":"Artikis","year":"2009","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (TOCL)"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1145\/383535.383566","article-title":"\u201cAn action -based ontology of legal relations,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","author":"Boella","year":"2001"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"246","article-title":"\u201cPower and dependence relations in groups of agents,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Conference on Intelligent Agent Technology","author":"Boella","year":"2004"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-007-9030-8","article-title":"The ontological properties of social roles in multi-agent systems: definitional dependence, powers and roles playing roles","volume":"15","author":"Boella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Artif. 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