{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T23:52:29Z","timestamp":1785973949528,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000193","name":"International Development Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Artif. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, AI technologies have become indispensable in social and industrial development, yielding revolutionary results in improving labor efficiency, lowering labor costs, optimizing human resource structure, and creating new job demands. To reap the full benefits of responsible AI solutions in Africa, it is critical to investigate existing challenges and propose strategies, policies, and frameworks for overcoming and eliminating them. As a result, this study investigated the challenges of adopting responsible AI solutions in the Academia-Private sectors for Anglophone Africa through literature reviews, expert interviews, and then proposes solutions and framework for the sustainable and successful adoption of responsible AI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2023.1133677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T05:42:34Z","timestamp":1681191754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["AI for Anglophone Africa: Unlocking its adoption for responsible solutions in academia-private sector"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ramadhani","family":"Sinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Diwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabu","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noe","family":"Elisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jabhera","family":"Matogoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55388","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068215","article-title":"Data-driven AI-based parameters tuning using grid partition algorithm for predicting climatic effect on epidemic diseases","volume":"9","author":"Abdullahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40594-020-00256-x","article-title":"Exploring the factors that influence the career decision of STEM students at a university in South Africa","volume":"7","author":"Abe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. STEM Educ."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.103299","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in the construction industry: A review of present status, opportunities and future challenges","volume":"44","author":"Abioye","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"B4","article-title":"\u201cComprehensive review on the challenges that impact artificial intelligence applications in the public sector,\u201d","author":"Al Mutawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 5th, NA International Conference on Industrial Engineering, and Operations Management"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00584-1","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in health care: laying the Foundation for Responsible, sustainable, inclusive innovation in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"16","author":"Alami","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Heal."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2022.2069049","article-title":"Harnessing AI for business development: a review of drivers and challenges in Africa","volume":"2022","author":"Amankwah-Amoah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prod. Plan. Control"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-62796-6_22","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities","volume":"935","author":"Arakpogun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stud. Comput. Intell."},{"key":"B8","year":"2018"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15122796","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and big data in public health","volume":"15","author":"Benke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0000000000000775","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and organ transplantation: challenges and expectations","volume":"25","author":"Brice\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Organ Transpl."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2020.10.007","article-title":"Artificial intelligence: from challenges to clinical implementation","volume":"101","author":"Chassagnon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagn. Interv. Imaging"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2882915","article-title":"Next generation technology for epidemic prevention and control: data-driven contact tracking","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su12020492","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in smart production: Progress, trends, directions","volume":"12","author":"Cioffi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"B14","author":"Development","year":"2019","journal-title":"Building Dr. Elsa : A Digital Health Assistant for East Africa"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08215-3","author":"Eke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Responsible AI in Africa"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2022.01.385","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence or Augmented Intelligence?","volume":"200","author":"Felice","year":"2022","journal-title":"Impact on our lives, rights and ethics. Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-020-00213-5","article-title":"How to Design AI for social good: seven essential factors","volume":"26","author":"Floridi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Eng. Ethics"},{"key":"B18","author":"Gwagwa","year":""},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patter.2021.100381","article-title":"Road map for research on responsible artificial intelligence for development (AI4D) in African countries: The case study of agriculture","volume":"2","author":"Gwagwa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Patterns"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23962\/10539\/30361","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) Deployments in Africa: Benefits, Challenges and Policy Dimensions","volume":"26","author":"Gwagwa","year":"","journal-title":"African J. Inf. Commun."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-62796-6","author":"Hamdan","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Implementation of Artificial Intelligence."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.08.009","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and internet of things in small and medium-sized enterprises: A survey","volume":"58","author":"Hansen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3502283","article-title":"Benchmarking national AI strategies: Why and how indicators and monitoring can support agile implementation","author":"Heumann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Available at SSRN 3502283"},{"key":"B24","author":"Heymann","year":"2018"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/03080188.2020.1840221","article-title":"Beyond \u2018AI for Social Good' (AI4SG): social transformations\u2014not tech-fixes\u2014for health equity","volume":"46","author":"Holzmeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interdisc. Sci. Rev"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3390\/info11010039","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-enhanced decision support for informing global sustainable development: a human-centric AI-thinking approach","volume":"11","author":"How","year":"2020","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"B27","author":"Ifenthaler","year":"2020"},{"key":"B28","author":"Intelligence","year":"2020"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiia.2019.05.004","article-title":"A comprehensive review on automation in agriculture using artificial intelligence","volume":"2","author":"Jha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Agric."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b20466-7","article-title":"\u201cArsenic and the 2030. Agenda for sustainable development,\u201d","author":"Johnston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability-Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-022-01377-7","article-title":"Aligning artificial intelligence with climate change mitigation","volume":"12","author":"Kaack","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-021-00106-8","article-title":"Towards an ethics of AI in Africa: rule of education","volume":"2","author":"Kiemde","year":"2022","journal-title":"AI Ethics"},{"key":"B33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adoption of artificial intelligence in agriculture in the developing nations: a review","volume":"12","author":"Kipkorir-Songol","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Lang. Technol. Entrep. Africa"},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.17.20069666","article-title":"Predicting the Epidemic Curve of the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Disease (COVID-19) Using Artificial Intelligence","volume":"4","author":"Kolozsvari","year":"2021","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2019.2951851","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in developing countries","volume":"22","author":"Kshetri","year":"2020","journal-title":"IT Professional"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64849-7_22","article-title":"Micro-foundations of Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Business: Making the Shift","volume":"617","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2020","journal-title":"IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.958097","article-title":"Challenges and solutions for transforming health ecosystems in low- and middle-income countries through artificial intelligence","volume":"9","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.01.038","article-title":"\u201cArtificial Intelligence in Cardiology: Present and Future,\u201d","volume":"95","author":"Lopez-Jimenez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proceedings"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1677903","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in clinical decision support: challenges for evaluating ai and practical implications","volume":"28","author":"Magrabi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yearb. Med. Inform."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1109\/TG.2018.2883773","article-title":"Dual Indicators to Analyze AI Benchmarks: Difficulty, Discrimination, Ability, Generality","volume":"12","author":"Martinez-Plumed","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Games"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-08014-6","article-title":"A Backdrop Case Study of AI-Drones in Indian demographic characteristics emphasizing the role of ai in global cities digitalization","volume":"118","author":"Mehta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62148-y","article-title":"Computer aided detection of tuberculosis on chest radiographs: An evaluation of the CAD4TB v6 system","volume":"10","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1145\/3368075","article-title":"Artificial intelligence policies in Africa over the next five years","volume":"26","author":"Nayebare","year":"2019","journal-title":"XRDS Crossroads, ACM Mag. Students"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29S","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.220590","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in nuclear medicine","volume":"60","author":"Nensa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.33166\/AETiC.2022.02.002","article-title":"Machine learning and artificial intelligence in circular economy: a bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review","volume":"6","author":"Noman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Technol. Comput."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.01.003","article-title":"The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a Great Gift to Business","volume":"69","author":"Pedersen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"B48","author":"Proposal","year":"2020"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MSEC.2019.2925649","article-title":"Artificial intelligence for law enforcement: challenges and opportunities","volume":"17","author":"Raaijmakers","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Secur. Priv."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11899-020-00575-4","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in hematology: current challenges and opportunities","volume":"15","author":"Radakovich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Hematol. Malig. Rep."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2022.102790","article-title":"A review of AI-enabled routing protocols for UAV networks: Trends, challenges, future outlook","volume":"130","author":"Rovira-Sugranes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ad Hoc. Netw."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781782547235.NS.6","article-title":"\u201cIs South Africa Ready?,\u201d","author":"Schoeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Accenture"},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.12.360","article-title":"Artificial intelligence framework for MSME sectors with focus on design and manufacturing industries","volume":"62","author":"Sharma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proc."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci11030102","article-title":"Artificial intelligence risks and challenges in the Spanish public administration: An exploratory analysis through expert judgements","volume":"11","author":"Sobrino-Garc\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adm. Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4301\/S1807-1775201815004","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence: way forward for India","volume":"15","author":"Srivastava","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Inf. Syst. Technol. Manag."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aiia.2020.04.002","article-title":"Implementation of artificial intelligence in agriculture for optimisation of irrigation and application of pesticides and herbicides","volume":"4","author":"Talaviya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Agric."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000233","DOI":"10.32892\/jmri.233","article-title":"Health care professional knowledge and attitude towards the use of digital technologies in provision of maternal health services at Tumbi regional referral hospital in Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Thadeus Kissima","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Res. Innov."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-44447-5_1","article-title":"The role of ICT to achieve the UN sustainable development goals (SDG)","volume":"481","author":"Tjoa","year":"2016","journal-title":"IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2020.101509","article-title":"Assessing the public policy-cycle framework in the age of artificial intelligence: From agenda-setting to policy evaluation","volume":"37","author":"Valle-Cruz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gov. Inf. Q."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14108-y","article-title":"The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"11","author":"Vinuesa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B61","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"AI for Social Good Driving Wireless Innovation"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-020-09541-3","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and African conceptions of personhood","volume":"23","author":"Wareham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethics Inf. Technol."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.30534\/ijeter\/2022\/041042022","article-title":"Applications, Scope, Challenges for AI in healthcare","volume":"10","author":"Zagabathuni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Trends Eng. Res."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICHVE49031.2020.9279634","article-title":"\u201cAnalysis of intelligent inspection program for UAV grid based on AI,\u201d","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE)"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frai.2023.1133677\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T05:42:42Z","timestamp":1681191762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frai.2023.1133677\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frai.2023.1133677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frai.2023.1133677","relation":{},"ISSN":["2624-8212"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2624-8212","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"article-number":"1133677"}}