{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:31:17Z","timestamp":1753893077888,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Artif. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The panoramic stereo video has brought a new visual experience for the audience with its immersion and stereo effect. In panoramic stereo video, the face is an important element. However, the face image in panoramic stereo video has varying degrees of deformation. This brings new challenges to face recognition. Therefore, this paper proposes a face recognition model DCM2Net (Deformable Convolution MobileFaceNet) for panoramic stereo video. The model mainly integrates the feature information between channels during feature fusion, redistributes the information between channels in the deeper part of the network, and fully uses the information between different channels for feature extraction. This paper also built a panoramic stereo video live system, using the DCM2Net model to recognize the face in panoramic stereo video, and the recognition results are displayed in the video. After experiments on different datasets, the results show that our model has better results on popular datasets and panoramic datasets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2024.1295554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T13:01:55Z","timestamp":1718197315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["DCM2Net: an improved face recognition model for panoramic stereoscopic videos"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Dalei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wee Hoe","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chung Keat","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cMixfacenets: Extremely efficient face recognition networks,\u201d","volume-title":"2021 IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics (IJCB)","author":"Boutros","year":"2021"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/FG.2018.00020","article-title":"\u201cVggface2: A dataset for recognising faces across pose and age,\u201d","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"2018 13th IEEE international conference on automatic face"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97909-0_46","article-title":"\u201cMobilefacenets: Efficient cnns for accurate real-time face verification on mobile devices,\u201d","volume-title":"Biometric Recognition: 13th Chinese Conference, CCBR 2018","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"5203","article-title":"\u201cRetinaface: Single-shot multi-level face localisation in the wild,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Deng","year":"2020"},{"key":"B5","first-page":"4690","article-title":"\u201cArcface: Additive angular margin loss for deep face recognition,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Deng","year":"2019"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"\u201cDeep learning with depth wise separable convolutions,\u201d","volume-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","author":"Fran","year":"2017"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1109\/MIPR.2019.00011","article-title":"\u201cFddb-360: Face detection in 360-degree fisheye images,\u201d","volume-title":"2019 IEEE Conference on Multimedia Information Processing and Retrieval (MIPR)","author":"Fu","year":"2019"},{"key":"B8","first-page":"2757","article-title":"\u201cUsing a 3d face model created from multiple images for authentication,\u201d","volume-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings","author":"Hakobyan","year":"2023"},{"key":"B9","article-title":"\u201cLabeled faces in the wild: A database forstudying face recognition in unconstrained environments,\u201d","volume-title":"Workshop on Faces in \u2018Real-Life' Images: Detection, Alignment, and Recognition","author":"Huang","year":"2008"},{"year":"2016","author":"Iandola","key":"B10"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/FG52635.2021.9666960","article-title":"\u201cCross-quality lfw: A database for analyzing cross-resolution image face recognition in unconstrained environments,\u201d","volume-title":"2021 16th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG 2021)","author":"Knoche","year":"2021"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63496","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3182055","article-title":"A real-time cnn-based lightweight mobile masked face recognition system","volume":"10","author":"Kocacinar","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2681205","article-title":"\u201cUav-based panoramic scene recognition utilizing discrete spherical image features,\u201d","volume-title":"International Conference on Image, Signal Processing, and Pattern Recognition (ISPP 2023)","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"key":"B14","first-page":"212","article-title":"\u201cSphereface: Deep hypersphere embedding for face recognition,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Liu","year":"2017"},{"year":"2016","author":"Liu","key":"B15"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2017.2693682","article-title":"Panoramic face recognition","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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