{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T16:37:34Z","timestamp":1756312654799,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Artif. Intell."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Simplifying summaries of scholarly publications has been a popular method for conveying scientific discoveries to a broader audience. While text summarization aims to shorten long documents, simplification seeks to reduce the complexity of a document. To accomplish these tasks collectively, there is a need to develop machine learning methods to shorten and simplify longer texts. This study presents a new Simplification Aware Text Summarization model (SATS) based on future n-gram prediction. The proposed SATS model extends ProphetNet, a text summarization model, by enhancing the objective function using a word frequency lexicon for simplification tasks. We have evaluated the performance of SATS on a recently published text summarization and simplification corpus consisting of 5,400 scientific article pairs. Our results in terms of automatic evaluation demonstrate that SATS outperforms state-of-the-art models for simplification, summarization, and joint simplification-summarization across two datasets on ROUGE, SARI, and <jats:bold>CSS<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:bold>. We also provide human evaluation of summaries generated by the SATS model. We evaluated 100 summaries from eight annotators for grammar, coherence, consistency, fluency, and simplicity. The average human judgment for all evaluated dimensions lies between 4.0 and 4.5 on a scale from 1 to 5 where 1 means low and 5 means high.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2024.1375419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T04:51:01Z","timestamp":1720587061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["SATS: simplification aware text summarization of scientific documents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Farooq","family":"Zaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Kamiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Shardlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saeed-Ul","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Asim","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naif Radi","family":"Aljohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4175","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.505","article-title":"\u201cIncorporating personalization features in a hospital-stay summary generation system,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences","author":"Acharya","year":"2019"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1166","article-title":"\u201cControlling text complexity in neural machine translation,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","author":"Agrawal","year":"2019"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-2114","article-title":"\u201cSplit and rephrase: better evaluation and stronger baselines,\u201d","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers)","author":"Aharoni","year":"2018"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3442695","article-title":"Automated text simplification: a survey","volume":"54","author":"Al-Thanyyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACM Comput. 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