{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:14:13Z","timestamp":1767204853235,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010513","name":"Internet Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Commun. Netw."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Kyrgyzstan, a landlocked nation in Central Asia, is characterized by its rugged mountainous terrain, which covers approximately 90% of its land area. This unique geography poses specific challenges related to climate vulnerability. To address these challenges, we propose a comprehensive approach that involves gathering meteorological data and making it accessible to decision-makers. By leveraging LoRaWAN communication technology, which efficiently transmits sparse and low-speed data over long distances while minimizing power consumption, we can enhance climate resilience. The Internet Society Kyrgyz Chapter, in collaboration with the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) and the Central Asia Institute for Applied Geosciences (CAIAG), has initiated the installation of meteorological sensors and disaster mitigation devices, including river water level sensors, terrain moisture sensors, and tilt detectors. These sensors collect critical data, which are stored within the country on an\n                    <jats:italic>ad hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    server. Stakeholders can access these data according to their specific requirements. This paper outlines the criteria for selecting the deployed equipment and provides details on the installation process at pilot sites, along with the challenges encountered during project execution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2025.1505375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T01:40:45Z","timestamp":1746063645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From mountains to data: low-cost weather stations in Kyrgyzstan\u2019s challenging terrain"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Zennaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ermanno","family":"Pietrosemoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"Soltobaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Talant","family":"Sultanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bolot","family":"Moldobekov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohx.2022.e00296","article-title":"Low cost climate station for smart agriculture applications with photovoltaic energy and wireless communication","volume":"11","author":"Botero-Valencia","year":"2022","journal-title":"HardwareX"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Central asian Institute of applied geosciences\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s12303-017-0034-4","article-title":"Landslide prediction, monitoring and early warning: a concise review of state-of-the-art","volume":"21","author":"Chae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geosci. J."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Disasters in numbers\n          \n          \n          2022"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2022.3165840","article-title":"Real-time rainfall estimation using satellite signals: development and assessment of a new procedure","volume":"71","author":"Giro","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"GSMA network coverage maps\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"HT-M02 edge LoRa gateway\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5173","DOI":"10.3390\/s20185173","article-title":"Real-time weather monitoring and prediction using city buses and machine learning","volume":"20","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"KNOT LR9 kit\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B10","unstructured":"Kyrgyzstan is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change in Central Asia\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B11","unstructured":"Kyrgyzstan ranks third most vulnerable to climate change impacts in Central Asia\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B12","unstructured":"8 or 16 channel outdoor LoRaWAN gateway\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Outdoor LoRaWAN\u00ae gateway UG67\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B14","unstructured":"Outdoor micro gateway V2\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B15","unstructured":"As many as 2,000 people feared buried under Papua New Guinea landslide as survivors dig with hands and spades\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"SenseCAP outdoor gateway - LoRaWAN EU868MHz\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B17","unstructured":"SenseCAP S2104 - LoRaWAN\u00ae soil moisture and temperature sensor\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/KST.2017.7886085","article-title":"Low cost weather station for climate-smart agriculture","volume-title":"2017 9th international conference on knowledge and smart technology (KST), chonburi, Thailand","author":"Tenzin","year":"2017"},{"key":"B19","unstructured":"Tilt sensor:precise angle measurement and failure prevention\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B20","unstructured":"Urb-IoT: LoRaWAN outdoor gateway\n          \n          \n          2024"},{"key":"B21","unstructured":"2024"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2025.1667265","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756339200000}}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Communications and Networks"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frcmn.2025.1505375\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T09:50:58Z","timestamp":1756374658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frcmn.2025.1505375\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frcmn.2025.1505375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frcmn.2025.1505375","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-530X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-530X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"article-number":"1505375"}}