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Hence, to address this gap, this study proposes the Enhanced UAV Forensic Framework (EUAVFF) a modular, forensic-by-design model integrating blockchain audit trails, secure logging, telemetry offloading, and UAV-friendly encryption. Validated through a literature review and a stakeholder survey (n = 100), results showed that over 70% of respondents lacked awareness of UAV cyber risks, and current drones were rated poorly in key forensic areas, including tamper-proof logging and legal evidence handling. Only 28% were familiar with drone-specific threats, reflecting critical gaps in preparedness.These findings emphasize the urgent need for proactive forensic integration. EUAVFF offers a structured path to secure, accountable, and resilient UAV operations in increasingly hostile cyber environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frcmn.2025.1661928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:18:15Z","timestamp":1758701895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cyber threat in drone systems: bridging real-time security, legal admissibility, and digital forensic solution readiness"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Usman Mistura","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abiodun Esther","family":"Omolara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oludare Isaac","family":"Abiodun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jawad","family":"Rasheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Onur","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia Manko","family":"Lar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip Oyadiran","family":"Adeyinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeola Grace","family":"Olugbenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2014.11.006","article-title":"A survey of information security incident handling in the cloud","volume":"49","author":"Ab Rahman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. and Secur."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202501.0694.v1","article-title":"The cybersecurity risks threatening drones: innovative solutions in the digital age","author":"Abbadi","year":"2025"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.01.1900545","article-title":"UAV-assisted attack prevention, detection, and recovery of 5G networks","volume":"27","author":"Abdalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. 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