{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:30:53Z","timestamp":1753893053880,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Res. Metr. Anal."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The term \u201cdark citations,\u201d which has been previously used to refer to citations of information products outside of traditional peer-reviewed journal articles, is adapted here to refer to those that are not linked to a known indexed identifier and are effectively invisible to traditional bibliometric analysis. We investigate an unexplored source of citations in the biomedical and public health literature by surveying the extent of dark citations across the U.S. government. We systematically focus on public health, quantify their occurrences across the government, and provide a comprehensive dataset for all dark citations within PubMed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frma.2023.1235208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T08:37:41Z","timestamp":1693384661000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dark citations to Federal resources and their contribution to the public health literature"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Keralis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Albertorio-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Travis","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111073251910","article-title":"The ingelfinger rule revisited","volume":"325","author":"Angell","year":"1991","journal-title":"New England J. Med"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000213","article-title":"Metrics associated with NIH funding: a high-level view","volume":"18","author":"Boyack","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc"},{"volume-title":"U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet.","year":"2022","key":"B3"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002541","article-title":"Relative citation ratio (RCR): a new metric that uses citation rates to measure influence at the article level","author":"Hutchins","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"DOI Handbook2019"},{"volume-title":"ISBN Users' Manual","year":"2017","key":"B6"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"ISSN Manual January 20152015"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2946798","article-title":"Editorial: The dark citations of tods papers and what to do about it\u2014or: cite the journal paper","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Datab. Syst"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1136\/jim-2019-001009","article-title":"Journal impact factor: a bumpy ride in an open space","volume":"68","author":"Kaldas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Invest. Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023.03.26.533809","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.03.26.533809","article-title":"Dark citations to Federal resources and their contribution to the public health literature","volume":"2023","author":"Keralis","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14102","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212745110","article-title":"Gap between science and media revisited: Scientists as public communicators","volume":"110","author":"Peters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci"},{"volume-title":"Mobile fact sheet.","year":"2021","key":"B12"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frma.2023.1235208\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T08:37:45Z","timestamp":1693384665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frma.2023.1235208\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frma.2023.1235208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frma.2023.1235208","relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-0537"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2504-0537"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"article-number":"1235208"}}