{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T20:57:28Z","timestamp":1768683448174,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Res. Metr. Anal."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior studies reveal that invited speaker panels, editorial boards, authors of practice guidelines, and senior authors of published articles are disproportionately male in the neurology field. We aimed to analyze a gender gap in authorship of accepted abstracts to the American Academy of Neurology annual meetings in 2020 and 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design\/methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the proportions of female first and senior abstract authors in 2020 and 2021. Abstracts were reviewed manually (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3,211 in 2020; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2,178 in 2021). Data were collected regarding the gender of first and senior authors, subspecialties, and origin of research (USA, international, or corporate-affiliated). Then, we compared the percentages of female first and senior authors in the 2 years to assess for any short-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accepted abstracts with female first and senior authors comprised 46%, 34% in 2020, and the same in 2021, without change. Female senior authors had a significantly higher proportion of female first authors than their male senior author counterparts. The analysis of subspecialties with more than 100 abstracts showed the lowest percentages of female senior authors was oncology (24.7%), sleep (25.5%), headache (28.7%), and cerebrovascular disease (29%) in 2020. Cerebrovascular disease (29%) and behavioral neurology (24.7%) had the lowest percentage of female senior authors in 2021. In the analysis of the origin of research, corporate-affiliated authors had the lowest percentages of female first (34 and 36%) and senior authors (22.6 and 27.6%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gender gap in neurology was reaffirmed in regards to female senior authorship overall and in subgroups of abstracts including cerebrovascular disease, headache, behavioral neurology, sleep, oncology, and corporate-affiliated research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frma.2024.1360367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T04:59:17Z","timestamp":1712811557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Re-evaluating the gender gap: a cross-sectional analysis of accepted American Academy of Neurology annual meeting abstracts in 2020 and 2021"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Minseon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Youngran","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anjail Z.","family":"Sharrief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thy P.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"The State of Women in Academic Medicine 2018\u201320192019"},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"AAMC Physician Specialty Data Report: Active Physicians by Sex and Specialty"},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"Faculty Roster: U.S. Medical School Faculty"},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"Amano-Pati\u00f1oN. F. E.\n            GiannitsarouC.\n            HasnaZ.\n          Who Is Doing New Research in the Time of COVID-19? Not the Female Economists2020"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sa2","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58807.sa2","article-title":"COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected","volume":"9","author":"Andersen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"B6","unstructured":"CouryS.\n            HuangJ.\n            KumarA.\n            PrinceS.\n            KrivokovichA.\n            YeeL.\n          Women in the Workplace 2020: Corporate America Is at a Critical Crossroads2020"},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"Key Findings: The Sponsor Dividend2019"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.6368","article-title":"Usefulness of medical conferences","volume":"308","author":"Cumberworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01692-8","article-title":"Pandemic-related barriers to the success of women in research: a framework for action","volume":"28","author":"Davis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027016","article-title":"Females are less likely invited speakers to the international stroke conference: time's up to address sex disparity","volume":"51","author":"Fournier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0236307","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236307","article-title":"Consolidation in a crisis: patterns of international collaboration in early COVID-19 research","volume":"15","author":"Fry","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000712","article-title":"Gender disparity and potential strategies for improvement in neurology and clinical neurophysiology","volume":"37","author":"Galloway","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HigginbothamE. A. D. M.\n          33705087The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine2020","DOI":"10.17226\/26061"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0300","article-title":"Closing the sex divide in the emerging field of neurology","volume":"75","author":"Jensen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc. Neurol"},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010500","article-title":"Gender disparity in editorial boards of journals in neurology","volume":"95","author":"Mariotto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2113539","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.13539","article-title":"Academic medicine faculty perceptions of work-life balance before and since the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"4","author":"Matulevicius","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc. Netw. Open"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0275","article-title":"Sex differences in academic rank and publication rate at top-ranked US neurology programs","volume":"75","author":"McDermott","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc. Neurol"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0921-y","article-title":"Unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists","volume":"4","author":"Myers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Hum. Behav"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715428","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.715428","article-title":"Gender gap in neurology research authorship (1946-2020)","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurol"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005056","article-title":"A 35-year analysis of sex differences in neurology authorship","volume":"90","author":"Pakpoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.14.1675","article-title":"Effect of blinded peer review on abstract acceptance","volume":"295","author":"Ross","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e465","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207576","article-title":"Gender representation among physician authors of practice guidelines developed, endorsed, or affirmed by the American Academy of Neurology","volume":"100","author":"Ross","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008022","article-title":"Understanding and addressing gender equity for women in neurology","volume":"93","author":"Silver","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.07.094","article-title":"Brave New World: virtual conferencing and surgical education in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 era","volume":"161","author":"Vervoort","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020335","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.20335","article-title":"Comparison of the proportions of female and male corresponding authors in preprint research repositories before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Wehner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc. Netw. Open"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e893","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000013281","article-title":"Gender discrepancies in neurologist compensation","volume":"98","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frma.2024.1360367\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T04:59:22Z","timestamp":1712811562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frma.2024.1360367\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frma.2024.1360367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frma.2024.1360367","relation":{},"ISSN":["2504-0537"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2504-0537","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]]},"article-number":"1360367"}}