{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:31:38Z","timestamp":1753893098957,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Robot. AI"],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, information conveyance through conversation using agents such as robots and avatars has gained attention. Among them, conversation by two agents has been shown to encourage effective information conveyance. Previous studies have also demonstrated that incorporating subjective information, such as emotions, into conversations enhances this effect. Therefore, a medium for information conveyance involving two autonomous agents and including subjective information is expected to be effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, such a medium was implemented, and the conditions necessary for it to convey information continuously were investigated. Objective information was defined as the content of existing news, and subjective information was defined as the preference toward the news. A frame structure was used for organizing objective information, and a network structure was used for subjective information. A method was developed to autonomously obtain both types of information. This knowledge was then distributed to two agents, who exchanged it and attempted to understand each other through conversation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiments were conducted to determine whether the subjective information obtained autonomously by the agents was as natural and consistent as that of humans. Further experiments examined the conditions for enabling continuous information conveyance using the medium.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicated that conveying important information first and using robots rather than text were effective strategies for maintaining continuous information conveyance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2025.1417488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T07:35:06Z","timestamp":1744875306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of the conditions for continuous information conveyance by two autonomous conversational agents"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Takamichi","family":"Isowa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ishiguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","article-title":"Towards a human-like open-domain chatbot","author":"Adiwardana","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.09977"},{"article-title":"Palm 2 technical report","year":"2023","author":"Anil","key":"B2"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-018-0468-5","article-title":"Multiple-robot conversational patterns for concealing incoherent responses","volume":"10","author":"Arimoto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robotics"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1145\/3282353.3282362","article-title":"User time spent between persuasiveness and usability of social networking mobile applications: a case study of facebook and youtube","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th international conference on advances in mobile computing and multimedia","author":"Bedjaoui","year":"2018"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.39.020188.003141","article-title":"Interpersonal processes in close relationships","volume":"39","author":"Clark","year":"","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. 4139 El Camino Way, PO Box"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.39.020188.003141","article-title":"Interpersonal processes in close relationships","volume":"39","author":"Clark","year":"","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02912493","article-title":"Human conversational behavior","volume":"8","author":"Dunbar","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Nat."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/01638539909545049","article-title":"Listening in on monologues and dialogues","volume":"27","author":"Fox Tree","year":"1999","journal-title":"Discourse Process."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410606341","volume-title":"The verbal communication of emotions: interdisciplinary perspectives","author":"Fussell","year":"2002"},{"key":"B10","article-title":"Sensitivity and robustness of large language models to prompt in Japanese","author":"Gan","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.08714"},{"key":"B11","first-page":"219","article-title":"Baseball: an automatic question-answerer","volume-title":"Papers presented at the May 9-11, 1961, western joint IRE-AIEE-ACM computer conference","author":"Green","year":"1961"},{"key":"B12","article-title":"Multilingual language models are not multicultural: a case study in emotion","author":"Havaldar","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.01370"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1142\/s0219843608001315","article-title":"Robot manzai: robot conversation as a passive\u2013social medium","volume":"5","author":"Hayashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"World Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1145\/1228716.1228735","article-title":"Humanoid robots as a passive-social medium: a field experiment at a train station","author":"Hayashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. ACM\/IEEE Int. Conf. Human-robot Interact."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/n18-2008","article-title":"Automatic dialogue generation with expressed emotions","volume":"2","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. 2018 Conf. North Am. Chapter Assoc. Comput. Linguistics Hum. Lang. Technol."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"675","article-title":"Retaining human-robots conversation: comparing single robot to multiple robots in a real event","volume-title":"Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics","author":"Iio","year":"2017"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1145\/3267851.3267890","article-title":"Is two better than one? effects of multiple agents on user persuasion","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th international conference on intelligent virtual agents","author":"Kantharaju","year":"2018"},{"key":"B18","first-page":"176","article-title":"A fully-lexicalized probabilistic model for Japanese syntactic and case structure analysis","volume-title":"Proceedings of the human language technology conference of the NAACL, main conference","author":"Kawahara","year":"2006"},{"key":"B19","first-page":"505","article-title":"Social functions of emotions at four levels of analysis","volume-title":"Cognition and Emotion","author":"Keltner","year":"1999"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v6i1.14310","article-title":"Do you feel what i feel? social aspects of emotions in twitter conversations","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Int. AAAI Conf. Web Soc. Media"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.1979.10717969","article-title":"Consumer perceptions of the media and their advertising content","volume":"8","author":"Larkin","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Advert."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650218765523","article-title":"The impact of emotional words on listeners\u2019 emotional and cognitive responses in the context of advertisements","volume":"47","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Res."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1904.08061","article-title":"Reinforcement learning based emotional editing constraint conversation generation","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv Prepr. arXiv:1904.08061"},{"key":"B24","first-page":"88","article-title":"Robot\u2019s impression of appearance and their trustworthy and emotion richness","volume-title":"2018 27th IEEE international symposium on robot and human interactive communication","author":"Matsui","year":"2018"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/s0191-3085(00)22002-9","article-title":"How emotions work: the social functions of emotional expression in negotiations","volume":"22","author":"Morris","year":"2000","journal-title":"Elsevier"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1177\/016555159802400303","article-title":"Patient information leaflets: producing understandable pils","volume":"24","author":"Newton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"B27","article-title":"Chat-like spoken dialog system for a multi-party dialog incorporating two agents and a user","volume-title":"The 1st international conference on human-agent interaction (iHAI 2013)","author":"Nishimura","year":"2013"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.03.059","article-title":"Interpersonal frontopolar neural synchronization in group communication: an exploration toward fnirs hyperscanning of natural interactions","volume":"133","author":"Nozawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"B29","unstructured":"Cotoha api\n          \n          \n          2018"},{"year":"2023","key":"B30","article-title":"Gpt-4 technical report"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02615.x","article-title":"Emotions are social","volume":"87","author":"Parkinson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B32","first-page":"295","volume-title":"The effects of affective interventions in human\u2013computer interaction","author":"Partala","year":""},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intcom.2003.12.001","article-title":"The effects of affective interventions in human\u2013computer interaction","volume":"16","author":"Partala","year":"","journal-title":"Interact. Comput."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1140.003.0008","volume-title":"Affective computing","author":"Picard","year":"2000"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797620965532","article-title":"Attitudes based Feel. Fixed or fleeting","volume":"32","author":"Rocklage","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.eacl-main.24","article-title":"Recipes for building an open-domain chatbot","author":"Roller","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv Prepr. arXiv:2004"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714","article-title":"A circumplex model of affect","volume":"39","author":"Russell","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. personality Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/semi.1973.8.4.289","article-title":"Opening up closings","volume":"8","author":"Schegloff","year":"1973","journal-title":"Semiotica"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.11164","article-title":"Conceptnet 5.5: an open multilingual graph of general knowledge","volume":"31","author":"Speer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2302.13971","article-title":"LlamA: open and efficient foundation language models","author":"Touvron","year":"2023","journal-title":"arXiv Prepr. arXiv:2302"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01633.x","article-title":"How emotions regulate social life: the emotions as social information (easi) model","volume":"18","author":"Van Kleef","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1706.03762","article-title":"Attention is all you need","volume":"30","author":"Vaswani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"article-title":"Procedures as a representation for data in a computer program for understanding natural language","year":"1971","author":"Winograd","key":"B43"},{"article-title":"Mitsuku wins loebner prize 2018","year":"2018","author":"Worswick","key":"B44"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917407117","article-title":"Finding the neural correlates of collaboration using a three-person fmri hyperscanning paradigm","volume":"117","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Robotics and AI"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1417488\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T07:35:12Z","timestamp":1744875312000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1417488\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frobt.2025.1417488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1417488","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-9144"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2296-9144"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"article-number":"1417488"}}