{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:04:08Z","timestamp":1778169848690,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Robot. AI"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Collaborating in real-life situations rarely follows predefined roles or plans, but is established on the fly and flexibly coordinated by the interacting agents. We introduce the notion of fluid collaboration (FC), marked by frequent changes of the tasks partners assume or the resources they consume in response to varying requirements or affordances of the environment, tasks, or other agents. FC thus necessitates dynamic, action-oriented Theory of Mind reasoning to enable agents to continuously infer and adapt to others\u2019 intentions and beliefs in real-time. In this paper, we discuss how FC can be enabled in human-agent collaboration. We introduce Cooperative Cuisine, an interactive environment inspired by the game <jats:italic>Overcooked!<\/jats:italic> that facilitates human-human and human-agent collaboration in dynamic settings. We report results of an empirical study on human-human collaboration in CoCu, showing how FC can be measured empirically and that humans naturally engage in dynamically established collaboration patterns with minimal explicit communication and relying on efficient mentalizing. We then present an approach to develop artificial agents that can effectively participate in FC. Specifically, we argue for a model of dynamic mentalizing under computational constraints and integrated with action planning. We present first steps in this direction by addressing resource-rational and action-driven ToM reasoning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2025.1532693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:11:11Z","timestamp":1754021471000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Towards fluid human-agent collaboration: From dynamic collaboration patterns to models of theory of mind reasoning"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Melting pot 2.0","author":"Agapiou","year":"2022"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8699","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3188906","article-title":"Dynamic task scheduling for human-robot collaboration","volume":"7","author":"Alirezazadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Robotics Automation Lett."},{"key":"B3","volume-title":"On the critical role of conventions in adaptive human-ai collaboration","author":"Andy","year":"2021"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scaman.2015.02.003","article-title":"Universities\u2013industry collaboration: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Ankrah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Manag."},{"key":"B5","first-page":"2337","article-title":"Hierarchical reinforcement learning for ad hoc teaming","author":"Aroca-Ouellette","year":"2023"},{"key":"B6","article-title":"Bayesian theory of mind: modeling joint belief-desire attribution","author":"Baker","year":"2011"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(85)90022-8","article-title":"Does the autistic child have a \u201ctheory of mind\u201d","volume":"21","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.02905","article-title":"Systematic review and inventory of theory of mind measures for young children","volume":"10","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-63122-8","article-title":"Individual and team profiling to support theory of mind in artificial social intelligence","volume":"14","author":"Bendell","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250725","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2023.1250725","article-title":"Defining human-AI teaming the human-centered way: a scoping review and network analysis","volume":"6","author":"Berretta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"B11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chaopt: a testbed for evaluating human-autonomy team collaboration using the video game overcooked!2","author":"Bishop","year":"2020"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogpsych.2014.06.003","article-title":"Win-stay, lose-sample: a simple sequential algorithm for approximating bayesian inference","volume":"74","author":"Bonawitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"326","article-title":"Studying research collaboration: a literature review","volume":"10","author":"Bukvova","year":"2010","journal-title":"All Sprouts Content"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816639712","article-title":"Implicit coordination strategies for effective team communication","volume":"58","author":"Butchibabu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"B15","article-title":"On the utility of learning about humans for human-AI coordination","volume":"32","author":"Carroll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2370.2008.00239.x","article-title":"Sticking it all together: a critical assessment of the group cohesion\u2013performance literature","volume":"11","author":"Casey-Campbell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"B17","first-page":"354","article-title":"Fast and slow goal recognition","author":"Chiari","year":"2024"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517500","article-title":"Designing human-agent collaborations: commitment, responsiveness, and support","volume-title":"CHI conference on human factors in computing systems","author":"Cila","year":"2022"},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49183-3_11","article-title":"A framework for human-autonomy team research","volume-title":"Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics. Cognition and design","author":"Cooke","year":"2020"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12009","article-title":"Interactive team cognition","volume":"37","author":"Cooke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1518\/001872000779656561","article-title":"Measuring team knowledge","volume":"42","author":"Cooke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"B22","first-page":"9","article-title":"Simulation theory","volume":"4","author":"Cruz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Encycl. Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017328","article-title":"The cognitive underpinnings of effective teamwork: a meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Dechurch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-65291-3_17","article-title":"Roles for structuring groups for collaboration","volume-title":"International handbook of computer-supported collaborative learning","author":"De Wever","year":"2021"},{"key":"B25","first-page":"2249","article-title":"Computational theory of mind with abstractions for effective human-agent collaboration","author":"Erdogan","year":"2024"},{"key":"B116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10690-006","article-title":"Explicit vs. implicit coordination mechanisms and task dependencies: one size does not fit all","author":"Espinosa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Team Cognition: Understanding the Factors That Drive Process and Performance"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"551","article-title":"Social and temporal structures in everyday collaboration","author":"Fisher","year":"2004"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12251","article-title":"Investigating conversational dynamics: interactive alignment, interpersonal synergy, and collective task performance","volume":"40","author":"Fusaroli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B28","article-title":"Understanding social reasoning in language models with language models","volume":"36","author":"Gandhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN47096.2020.9223595","article-title":"Joint mind modeling for explanation generation in complex human-robot collaborative tasks","volume-title":"2020 29th IEEE international conference on robot and human interactive communication (RO-MAN)","author":"Gao","year":"2020"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0162246","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162246","article-title":"Plans, habits, and theory of mind","volume":"11","author":"Gershman","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"B31","first-page":"117","article-title":"Dynamic task allocation for human-robot teams","author":"Giele","year":"2015"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780195309799.003.0017","article-title":"Theory of mind","volume-title":"The oxford handbook of philosophy of cognitive science","author":"Goldman","year":"2012"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/20413866211041157","article-title":"The team cohesion-performance relationship: a meta-analysis exploring measurement approaches and the changing team landscape","volume":"12","author":"Grossman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Organ. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2005.11.006","article-title":"The dynamics of intention in collaborative activity","volume":"7","author":"Grosz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cognitive Syst. Res."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/gdn0000192","article-title":"Look back, move forward: a bibliometric review of team literature","volume":"27","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Group Dyn. Theory, Res. Pract."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.2307\/1416950","article-title":"An experimental study of apparent behavior","volume":"57","author":"Heider","year":"1944","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2022.08.003","article-title":"Planning with theory of mind","volume":"26","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2019.2904558","article-title":"Evaluating fluency in human\u2013robot collaboration","volume":"49","author":"Hoffman","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Human-Machine Syst."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2007.907483","article-title":"Cost-based anticipatory action selection for human\u2013robot fluency","volume":"23","author":"Hoffman","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robotics"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15607\/RSS.2015.XI.031","article-title":"Adaptive coordination strategies for human-robot handovers","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Robotics Sci. Syst. XI"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496416676892","article-title":"Role variability in self-organizing teams working in crisis management","volume":"48","author":"Jobidon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Group Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-89385-9_8","article-title":"How interdependence explains the world of teamwork","volume-title":"Engineering artificially intelligent systems: a systems engineering approach to realizing synergistic capabilities","author":"Johnson","year":"2021"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.5898\/JHRI.3.1.Johnson","article-title":"Coactive design: designing support for interdependence in joint activity","volume":"3","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hum.-Robot Interact."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429459733-9","article-title":"Understanding human-machine teaming through interdependence analysis","volume-title":"Contemporary research","author":"Johnson","year":"2020"},{"key":"B45","first-page":"300","article-title":"Towards a model of the interplay of mentalizing and mirroring in embodied communication","volume-title":"Proceedings of the EuroAsianPacific joint conference on cognitive science","author":"Kahl","year":"2015"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210474","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2021.0474","article-title":"Intertwining the social and the cognitive loops: socially enactive cognition for human-compatible interactive systems","volume":"378","author":"Kahl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Philosophical Trans. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2370.2006.00121.x","article-title":"Proximity and inter-organizational collaboration: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Knoben","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2010.02.007","article-title":"Social resonance and embodied coordination in face-to-face conversation with artificial interlocutors","volume":"52","author":"Kopp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Speech Commun."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1075\/is.8.2.05kry","article-title":"\u201cI think I know what you mean\u201d: the role of theory of mind in collaborative communication","volume":"8","author":"Krych-Appelbaum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Interact. Stud."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/1463922X.2022.2033876","article-title":"Cohesion in human\u2013autonomy teams: an approach for future research","volume":"23","author":"Lakhmani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theor. Issues Ergonomics Sci."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.13","article-title":"Theory of mind for multi-agent collaboration via large language models","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"B52","volume-title":"Novel devices and interaction concepts for fluid collaboration","author":"Lissermann","year":"2014"},{"key":"B53","first-page":"1219","article-title":"Llm-powered hierarchical language agent for real-time human-ai coordination","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3659061","article-title":"Generating pattern-based conventions for predictable planning in human\u2013robot collaboration","volume":"13","author":"Lohrmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hum.-Robot Interact."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2012.01269.x","article-title":"Behavior matching in multimodal communication is synchronized","volume":"36","author":"Louwerse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1145\/174666.174668","article-title":"The interdisciplinary study of coordination","volume":"26","author":"Malone","year":"1994","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.85.2.273","article-title":"The influence of shared mental models on team process and performance","volume":"85","author":"Mathieu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000128","article-title":"A century of work teams in the Journal of Applied Psychology","volume":"102","author":"Mathieu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720817743223","article-title":"Teaming with a synthetic teammate: insights into human-autonomy teaming","volume":"60","author":"McNeese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013773","article-title":"Information sharing and team performance: a meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Mesmer-Magnus","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B61","volume-title":"A survey of ad hoc teamwork: definitions, methods, and open problems","author":"Mirsky","year":"2022"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/0149206309356804","article-title":"Metaphor No more: a 15-year review of the team mental model construct","volume":"36","author":"Mohammed","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Manag."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-023-09613-w","article-title":"Combining theory of mind and abductive reasoning in agent-oriented programming","volume":"37","author":"Montes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aut. Agents Multi-Agent Syst."},{"key":"B64","first-page":"1","article-title":"Coordination mechanisms in human-robot collaboration","author":"Mutlu","year":"2013"},{"key":"B65","article-title":"Team collaboration in virtual worlds: the role of task complexity","author":"Nah","year":"2011"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s43154-023-00103-1","article-title":"Human-robot teaming: grand challenges","volume":"4","author":"Natarajan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Robot. Rep."},{"key":"B67","first-page":"33","article-title":"Human-robot cross-training: computational formulation, modeling and evaluation of a human team training strategy","author":"Nikolaidis","year":"2013"},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720820960865","article-title":"Human\u2013autonomy teaming: a review and analysis of the empirical literature","volume":"64","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-04105-y","article-title":"A review of cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning","volume":"53","author":"Oroojlooy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"B70","first-page":"610","article-title":"The utility of explainable ai in ad hoc human-machine teaming","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Paleja","year":"2021"},{"key":"B71","volume-title":"Childhood in an Indian village","author":"Pelletier","year":"1970"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1515\/zwf-2021-0002","article-title":"Ermittlung und Bewertung von Einsatzpotenzialen der Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration: Methodisches Vorgehensmodell f\u00fcr die industrielle Montage","volume":"116","author":"Petzoldt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Z. f\u00fcr Wirtsch. Fabr."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12645","DOI":"10.3390\/app122412645","article-title":"Implementation and evaluation of dynamic task allocation for human\u2013robot collaboration in assembly","volume":"12","author":"Petzoldt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B74","volume-title":"Models for satisficing mentalizing","author":"P\u00f6ppel","year":"2023"},{"key":"B75","first-page":"470","article-title":"Satisficing models of bayesian theory of mind for explaining behavior of differently uncertain agents: socially interactive agents track","author":"P\u00f6ppel","year":"2018"},{"key":"B76","article-title":"Less egocentric biases in unsolicited theory of mind when observing agents in unbalanced decision problems","author":"P\u00f6ppel","year":"2021"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00076512","article-title":"Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?","volume":"1","author":"Premack","year":"1978","journal-title":"Behav. brain Sci."},{"key":"B78","first-page":"4218","article-title":"Machine theory of mind","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th international conference on machine learning","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"2018"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-46742-4_2","article-title":"An introduction to theory of mind: fundamental concepts and issues","volume-title":"The theory of mind under scrutiny: psychopathology, neuroscience, philosophy of mind and artificial intelligence","author":"Rivero-Contreras","year":"2023"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-45368-7_24","article-title":"Applying theory of mind to multi-agent systems: a systematic review","volume-title":"Intelligent systems","author":"Rocha","year":"2023"},{"key":"B115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000356757","article-title":"Learning by observing and pitching in to family and community endeavors: An orientation","volume":"57","author":"Rogoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Human Development"},{"key":"B81","volume-title":"Two many cooks: understanding dynamic human-agent team communication and perception using overcooked 2","author":"Rosero","year":"2021"},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.3.322","article-title":"Egocentric biases in availability and attribution","volume":"37","author":"Ross","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. personality Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31716-3","article-title":"People infer communicative action through an expectation for efficient communication","volume":"13","author":"Royka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2022.101438","article-title":"Children\u2019s fluid collaboration versus managing individual agendas: cultural differences in pair programming","volume":"81","author":"Ruvalcaba","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Appl. Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.78.1.61","article-title":"Complex interdependence in task-performing groups","volume":"78","author":"Saavedra","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000334","article-title":"The science of teamwork: progress, reflections, and the road ahead","volume":"73","author":"Salas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Psychol."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/1046496405277134","article-title":"Is there a \u201cbig five\u201d in teamwork?","volume":"36","author":"Salas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Small Group Res."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/1555343416682891","article-title":"A framework for developing and using shared mental models in human-agent teams","volume":"11","author":"Scheutz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cognitive Eng. Decis. Mak."},{"key":"B89","article-title":"Towards action-driven mentalizing in realtime human-agent collaboration","volume-title":"Workshop on theory of mind in human-AI interaction","author":"Schr\u00f6der","year":"2024"},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.12.009","article-title":"Joint action: bodies and minds moving together","volume":"10","author":"Sebanz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B91","first-page":"2257","article-title":"Clever hans or neural theory of mind? stress testing social reasoning in large language models","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th conference of the European chapter of the association for computational Linguistics (volume 1: long papers)","author":"Shapira","year":"2024"},{"key":"B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/h0042769","article-title":"Rational choice and the structure of the environment","volume":"63","author":"Simon","year":"1956","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B93","first-page":"81","article-title":"Communication and shared mental models for teams performing interdependent tasks","volume-title":"Coordination, organizations, institutions, and norms in agent systems XII","author":"Singh","year":"2017"},{"key":"B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1631","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.1631","article-title":"A bayesian theory of mind approach to modeling cooperation and communication","volume":"16","author":"Stacy","year":"2024","journal-title":"WIREs Comput. Stat."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v24i1.7529","article-title":"Ad hoc autonomous agent teams: collaboration without pre-coordination","volume":"24","author":"Stone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. AAAI Conf. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"B96","first-page":"14502","article-title":"Collaborating with humans without human data","volume-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems","author":"Strouse","year":"2021"},{"key":"B97","first-page":"313","article-title":"Intelligent agents as teammates","volume-title":"Theories of team cognition: cross-disciplinary perspectives","author":"Sukthankar","year":"2012"},{"key":"B98","volume-title":"Collab-overcooked: benchmarking and evaluating large language models as collaborative agents","author":"Sun","year":"2025"},{"key":"B99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s43154-020-00019-0","article-title":"A survey of mental modeling techniques in human\u2013robot teaming","volume":"1","author":"Tabrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Robot. Rep."},{"key":"B100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3128584","article-title":"Cooperative multi-agent planning: a survey","volume":"50","author":"Torre\u00f1o","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"B101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v30i1.10123","article-title":"Contact: deciding to communicate during time-critical collaborative tasks in unknown, deterministic domains","author":"Unhelkar","year":"2016"},{"key":"B102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2015.04.002","article-title":"Teacher collaboration: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Vangrieken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Educ. Res. Rev."},{"key":"B103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993997","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2022.993997","article-title":"The influence of interdependence and a transparent or explainable communication style on human-robot teamwork","volume":"9","author":"Verhagen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Robotics AI"},{"key":"B104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/cogs.12101","article-title":"One and done? optimal decisions from very few samples","volume":"38","author":"Vul","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B105","first-page":"271","article-title":"PARADISE: a framework for evaluating spoken dialogue agents","volume-title":"35th annual meeting of the association for computational Linguistics and 8th conference of the European chapter of the association for computational Linguistics","author":"Walker","year":"1997"},{"key":"B106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/23335777.2015.1056755","article-title":"Dynamic real-time scheduling for human-agent collaboration systems based on mutual trust","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cyber-Physical Syst."},{"key":"B107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00304","article-title":"Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development: the truth about false belief","volume":"72","author":"Wellman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child. Dev."},{"key":"B108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720813515907","article-title":"Measuring cognition in teams: a cross-domain review","volume":"56","author":"Wildman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Factors"},{"key":"B109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(83)90004-5","article-title":"Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children\u2019s understanding of deception","volume":"13","author":"Wimmer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"B110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/tops.12525","article-title":"Too many cooks: bayesian inference for coordinating multi-agent collaboration","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Top. Cognitive Sci."},{"key":"B111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1979362","article-title":"Supporting fluid tabletop collaboration across distances","volume-title":"Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems","author":"Yamashita","year":"2011"},{"key":"B112","first-page":"7099","article-title":"Goma: proactive embodied cooperative communication via goal-oriented mental alignment","author":"Ying","year":"2024"},{"key":"B113","first-page":"2066","article-title":"Human goal recognition as bayesian inference: investigating the impact of actions, timing, and goal solvability","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"key":"B114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3432945","article-title":"\u201cAn ideal human\u201d: expectations of AI teammates in human-AI teaming","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Human-Computer Interact."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Robotics and AI"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1532693\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:11:17Z","timestamp":1754021477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1532693\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":116,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frobt.2025.1532693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frobt.2025.1532693","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-9144"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-9144","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"article-number":"1532693"}}