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Robot. AI"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As robotic technologies become increasingly integrated into care settings, it is critical to assess their impact within the complexity of real-world contexts. This exploratory study examines the introduction of a robot cat for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in a specialist dental care unit. Children with ASD often face challenges in dental care, including anxiety, sensory sensitivities, and difficulty with collaboration. The study investigates if a robot cat can provide psychosocial support to the patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten patients, aged 5\u201310, participated in the 12-months study, each undergoing one baseline session without the robot and 3\u20135 subsequent visits with the robot, yielding 37 sessions of video data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Reflexive thematic analysis revealed three key themes: the robot cat can\n                      <jats:italic>enhance training and treatment<\/jats:italic>\n                      , robot cats can serve as a\n                      <jats:italic>beneficial but a non-essential tool<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and robot cats can sometimes\n                      <jats:italic>hinder progress in training and treatment<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These findings highlight significant individual variation in how the robot was experienced, shaped by context, timing, and emotional state. The robot\u2019s role was not universally positive or passive; its effectiveness depended on how it was integrated into personalised care strategies by the dental hygienist, guardians, and the patients themselves.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study underscores the importance of tailoring technological interventions in care, advocating for cautious, context-sensitive use rather than one-size-fits-all solutions. Future work should further explore adaptive, individualised deployment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2025.1659784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T05:15:18Z","timestamp":1765516518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring companion robots for children with autism spectrum disorder: a reflexive thematic analysis in specialist dental care"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Thunberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Lagerstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"J\u00f6nsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna Lena","family":"Sundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.3390\/s22030944","article-title":"A systematic review of research on robot-assisted therapy for children with autism","volume":"22","author":"Alabdulkareem","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109466","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3001365","article-title":"A preliminary study on effectiveness of a standardized multi-robot therapy for improvement in collaborative multi-human interaction of children with asd","volume":"8","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5\u00ae)","author":"Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"B4","first-page":"325","article-title":"Visual pedagogy in dentistry for children with autism","volume":"66","author":"B\u00e4ckman","year":"1999","journal-title":"ASDC J. 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