{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T12:57:08Z","timestamp":1772715428122,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Robot. AI"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and safety of robot-assisted anterior transpedicular screw (ATPS) fixation in human cervical spine specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A spine robotic system was used to implant thirty-six 1.2 mm Kirschner wires (K-wires) into the cervical pedicles (C4\u2013C7) of five human specimens. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the planned trajectories with the actual K-wire positions. The Gertzbein-Robbins classification system (GRS), adapted for cervical pedicles, was used to evaluate accuracy; Grades A and B (&amp;lt;2 mm pedicle breach) were considered clinically acceptable. Secondary metrics included entry point and angle offsets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 36 K-wires implanted, nine were placed in C4 and C6, 10 in C5, and eight in C7. According to the adapted GRS, 25 placements (69.4%) were Grade A, 10 (27.8%) were Grade B, and one was Grade C, resulting in a 97.2% clinically acceptable placement rate. The mean target offset was 2.29 \u00b1 1.72 mm, the entry offset was 2.47 \u00b1 1.57 mm, and the angle offset was 5.67\u00b0 \u00b1 3.72\u00b0. No significant differences were observed between the left and right sides (p &amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Robot-assisted ATPS fixation in cervical specimens achieved high accuracy with 97.2% of placements rated clinically acceptable, indicating its technical feasibility and potential utility in anterior cervical procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2025.1686350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T06:51:58Z","timestamp":1767768718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Accuracy of robot-assisted anterior transpedicular screws in the subaxial cervical spine: an experimental study on human specimens"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Cong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajing","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-008-1574-1","article-title":"Anterior pedicle screw fixation for multilevel cervical corpectomy and spinal fusion","volume":"150","author":"Aramomi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. 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