{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:46:38Z","timestamp":1779295598136,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Virtual Real."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Interactive digital stories provide a sense of flexibility and freedom to players by allowing them to make choices at key junctions. These choices advance the narrative and determine, to some degree, how the story evolves for that player. As shown in prior work, the ability to control or participate in the construction of the narrative can give the player a high level of agency that results in a stronger sense of immersion in the narrative experience. To support the design of this type of interactive storytelling, our system, EntangleVR++, borrows the idea of entanglement from quantum computing. Our use of entanglement allows creators and storytellers control over which sequences of story events take place in correlation with each other, initiated by the choices a player makes. In this work, we evaluated how well our idea of entanglement enables creators to easily and quickly design interactive Virtual reality narratives. We asked 16 participants to use our system and based on user interviews, analyses of screen recordings, and questionnaire feedback, we extracted four themes. From these themes and the study overall, we derived four authoring strategies for tool designers interested in the design of future visual interface for interactively creating virtual scenes that include relational objects and multiple outcomes driven by player interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2023.1252551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T04:39:07Z","timestamp":1703219947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["EntangleVR++: evaluating the potential of using entanglement in an interactive VR scene creation system"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Peljhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misha","family":"Sra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511979309","volume-title":"Quantum computing since democritus","author":"Aaronson","year":"2013"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1145\/261135.261163","article-title":"3d palette: a virtual reality content creation tool","author":"Billinghurst","year":"1997"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.70.460","article-title":"Nuclear induction","volume":"70","author":"Bloch","year":"1946","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781498710411-35","article-title":"Sus: a quick and dirty usability scale","volume":"189","author":"Brooke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Usability Eval. Ind."},{"key":"B6","first-page":"29","article-title":"Sus: a retrospective","volume":"8","author":"Brooke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Usability Stud."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3489849.3489872","article-title":"Entanglevr: a visual programming interface for virtual reality interactive scene generation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM symposium on virtual reality software and technology","author":"Chen","year":"2021"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3388767.3407319","article-title":"Authoring interactive vr narratives on baba yaga and bonfire","volume-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH 2020 talks","author":"Cutler","year":"2020"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/SEARIS.2014.7152795","article-title":"A 3d metaphor for authoring realtime interactive systems supporting different author roles","volume-title":"IEEE 7th workshop on software engineering and architectures for realtime interactive systems (SEARIS)","author":"D\u00f6rner","year":"2014"},{"key":"B10","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Content creation and authoring challenges for virtual environments: from user interfaces to autonomous virtual characters","author":"D\u00f6rner","year":"2015"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.20380\/gi2017.20","article-title":"Ivy: exploring spatially situated visual programming for authoring and understanding intelligent environments (Waterloo, CAN","author":"Ens","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. Human-Computer Commun. Soc."},{"key":"B12","first-page":"104","article-title":"Response interpolation and scale sensitivity: evidence against 5-point scales","volume":"5","author":"Finstad","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Usability Stud."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1145\/2984511.2984575","article-title":"Semi-automated svg programming via direct manipulation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th annual symposium on user interface software and technology","author":"Hempel","year":"2016"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3359996.3364261","article-title":"Virtual reality forge: pattern-oriented authoring of virtual reality nuggets","volume-title":"25th ACM symposium on virtual reality software and technology","author":"Horst","year":"2019"},{"key":"B15","first-page":"41","article-title":"Using a visual programming environment and custom robots to learn c programming and k-12 stem concepts","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2016"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1145\/1070838.1070840","article-title":"Immersive authoring: what you experience is what you get (wyxiwyg)","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"B17","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Supporting visual artists in programming through direct inspection and control of program executionCHI \u201920","author":"Li","year":"2020"},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"081808","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.61.8.081808","article-title":"Visualizing quantum mechanics in an interactive simulation \u2013 virtual Lab by quantum Flytrap","volume":"61","author":"Migda\u0142","year":"2022","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"key":"B19","volume-title":"Hamlet on the holodeck: the future of narrative in cyberspace","author":"Murray","year":"1997"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S1045-926X(05)80036-9","article-title":"Taxonomies of visual programming and program visualization","volume":"1","author":"Myers","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Vis. Lang. Comput."},{"key":"B21","first-page":"45","article-title":"Developing computational thinking via the visual programming tool: lego education wedo","author":"Pinto-Llorente","year":"2016"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1109\/SVR.2017.33","article-title":"From virtual reality to digital arts with mosaicode","volume-title":"2017 19th symposium on virtual and augmented reality (SVR)","author":"Schiavoni","year":"2017"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2009.0138","article-title":"Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments","volume":"364","author":"Slater","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philosophical Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2659766.2659774","article-title":"Ruis - a toolkit for developing virtual reality applications with spatial interaction","author":"Takala","year":"2014"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3364183.3364202","volume-title":"A visual programming paradigm for abstract deep learning model development","author":"Tamilselvam","year":"2019"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"523","volume-title":"Entanglion: a board game for teaching the principles of quantum computing","author":"Weisz","year":"2018"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1145\/985040.985060","article-title":"Building virtual and augmented reality museum exhibitions","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ninth international conference on 3D web technology","author":"Wojciechowski","year":"2004"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3385956.3418957","article-title":"Investigating immersive virtual reality as an educational tool for quantum computing","volume-title":"26th ACM symposium on virtual reality software and technology","author":"Zable","year":"2020"},{"key":"B29","first-page":"342","volume-title":"FlowMatic: an immersive authoring tool for creating interactive scenes in virtual reality","author":"Zhang","year":"2020"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-020-01919-0","article-title":"Immersive visual scripting based on vr software design patterns for experiential training","volume":"36","author":"Zikas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Virtual Reality"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frvir.2023.1252551\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T04:39:21Z","timestamp":1703219961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frvir.2023.1252551\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frvir.2023.1252551"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2023.1252551","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4192","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"article-number":"1252551"}}