{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:14:27Z","timestamp":1774660467936,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]],"date-time":"2024-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Virtual Real."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In virtual reality (VR), we assessed how untrained participants searched for fire sources with the digital twin of a novel augmented reality (AR) device: a firefighter\u2019s helmet equipped with a heat sensor and an integrated display indicating the heat distribution in its field of view. This was compared to the digital twin of a current state-of-the-art device, a handheld thermal imaging camera. The study had three aims: (i) compare the novel device to the current standard, (ii) demonstrate the usefulness of VR for developing AR devices, (iii) investigate visual search in a complex, realistic task free of visual context. Users detected fire sources faster with the thermal camera than with the helmet display. Responses in target-present trials were faster than in target-absent trials for both devices. Fire localization after detection was numerically faster and more accurate, in particular in the horizontal plane, for the helmet display than for the thermal camera. Search was strongly biased to start on the left-hand side of each room, reminiscent of pseudoneglect in scene viewing. Our study exemplifies how VR can be used to study vision in realistic settings, to foster the development of AR devices, and to obtain results relevant to basic science and applications alike.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2024.1252351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T09:29:16Z","timestamp":1731490156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Visual search for hazardous items: using virtual reality (VR) in laypersons to test wearable displays for firefighters"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sascha","family":"Feder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"P\u00fcschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melis","family":"\u015eim\u015fek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Odenwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Bendixen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Einh\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/11.8.9","article-title":"Visual similarity effects in categorical search","volume":"11","author":"Alexander","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1145\/2658861.2658871","article-title":"Methodology for study of human-robot social interaction in dangerous situations","author":"Atkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Sec. Intern. Conf. Human-agent Interact. (ACM)"},{"key":"B3","first-page":"135","article-title":"Implementing user-centered methods and virtual reality to rapidly prototype augmented reality tools for firefighters","volume-title":"Found. Augment. Cogn.: Neuroergonom. Operational Neurosci.: 10th International Conference, AC 2016, Proc., Part II","author":"Bailie","year":"2016"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018808","article-title":"The role of target\u2013distractor relationships in guiding attention and the eyes in visual search","volume":"139","author":"Becker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11010044","article-title":"Get your guidance going: investigating the activation of spatial priors for efficient search in virtual reality","volume":"11","author":"Beitner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. B (Meth.)"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(80)90151-7","article-title":"Pseudoneglect: effects of hemispace on a tactile line bisection task","volume":"18","author":"Bowers","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1145\/2967934.2968105","article-title":"Point & teleport locomotion technique for virtual reality","author":"Bozgeyikli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. 2016 Ann. Symp. Comp. Hum. Interact. Play"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2017.01.004","article-title":"Being there again\u2013Presence in real and virtual environments and its relation to usability and user experience using a mobile navigation task","volume":"101","author":"Brade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.03.001","article-title":"Putting attention on the line: investigating the activation\u2013orientation hypothesis of pseudoneglect","volume":"44","author":"Bultitude","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3390\/app10020486","article-title":"Programming of industrial robots using virtual reality and digital twins","volume":"10","author":"Burghardt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.16910\/jemr.12.1.3","article-title":"Eye tracking in virtual reality","volume":"12","author":"Clay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Eye Mov. Res."},{"key":"B13","first-page":"397","article-title":"Cognitive workload monitoring in virtual reality based rescue missions with drones","volume-title":"Virtual, Augment. Mixed Real. Design and Interact. 12th Intern. Conf., VAMR 2020 Proc. Part I","author":"Dell\u2019Agnola","year":"2020"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00294-4","article-title":"Saccade target selection and object recognition: evidence for a common attentional mechanism","volume":"36","author":"Deubel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-016-1111-x","article-title":"Of \u201cwhat\u201d and \u201cwhere\u201d in a natural search task: active object handling supports object location memory beyond the object\u2019s identity","volume":"78","author":"Draschkow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atten. Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1167\/13.10.3","article-title":"Scanners and drillers: characterizing expert visual search through volumetric images","volume":"13","author":"Drew","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656913","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.656913","article-title":"Gaze during locomotion in virtual reality and the real world","volume":"15","author":"Drewes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01815.x","article-title":"Attentional cues in real scenes, saccadic targeting, and Bayesian priors","volume":"17","author":"Eckstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psych. Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.3758\/APP.71.6.1337","article-title":"Saliency on a natural scene background: effects of color and luminance contrast add linearly","volume":"71","author":"Engmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atten. Percep. Psychophys."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"1","article-title":"A hybrid control strategy for capturing cognitive processes in virtual reality (VR) in a natural and efficient way","volume-title":"2022 IEEE 9th Intern. Conf. Comput. Intell. Virtual Environm. Measurem. Sys. and Appl. \u2013 CIVEMSA","author":"Feder","year":"2022"},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1167\/7.1.10","article-title":"What do we perceive in a glance of a real-world scene?","volume":"7","author":"Fei-Fei","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.09.002","article-title":"Immersive virtual reality serious games for evacuation training and research: a systematic literature review","volume":"127","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1037\/cep0000004","article-title":"Top-down and bottom-up aspects of active search in a real-world environment","volume":"68","author":"Foulsham","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can. J. Exp. Psychol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ENEURO 0154","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0154-17.2017","article-title":"Pseudoneglect in visual search: behavioral evidence and connectional constraints in simulated neural circuitry","volume":"4","author":"Gigliotta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eneuro"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/6.2012-1818","article-title":"The digital twin paradigm for future NASA and US Air Force vehicles","author":"Glaessgen","year":"2012","journal-title":"53rd AIAA\/ASME\/ASCE\/AHS\/ASC Struct. Struct. Dynam. Mat. Conf."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"012031","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1228\/1\/012031","article-title":"Re-design of smart homes with digital twins","volume":"1228","author":"Gopinath","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Conf. Ser."},{"key":"B27","first-page":"23","article-title":"Design and simulation of next-generation augmented reality user interfaces in virtual reality","volume-title":"IEEE Conf. Virtual Real. 3D User Interface","author":"Grandi","year":"2021"},{"key":"B30","first-page":"57","article-title":"Exploring VR training for first responders","volume-title":"IEEE Conf. Virtual Real. 3D User Interface","author":"Haskins","year":"2020"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.02.009","article-title":"Eye movements in natural behavior","volume":"9","author":"Hayhoe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151190","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2023.1151190","article-title":"Effects of virtual reality and test environment on user experience, usability, and mental workload in the evaluation of a blood pressure monitor","volume":"4","author":"Hinricher","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Virtual Real"},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(99)00163-7","article-title":"A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention","volume":"40","author":"Itti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1109\/34.730558","article-title":"A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis","volume":"20","author":"Itti","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11080745","article-title":"Digital twins: from personalised medicine to precision public health","volume":"11","author":"Kamel Boulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"B36","first-page":"1464","article-title":"\u2019Sizing up\u2019 emerging technology for firefighting: augmented reality for incident assessment","volume-title":"Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Ann. Meet","author":"Kapalo","year":"2018"},{"key":"B37","first-page":"219","article-title":"Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry","volume":"4","author":"Koch","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum. Neurobiol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.474","article-title":"Digital Twin in manufacturing: a categorical literature review and classification","volume":"51","author":"Kritzinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0145910","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145910","article-title":"Gaze in visual search is guided more efficiently by positive cues than by negative cues","volume":"10","author":"Kugler","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"B40","article-title":"Using eye tracking to aid the design of human machine interfaces (HMIs) in industrial applications","volume-title":"Proc. 1st intern. Conf. Hybrid soc.","author":"Kuschnereit","year":"2024"},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881318","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2022.881318","article-title":"Evaluating usability and user experience of AR applications in VR simulation","volume":"3","author":"Lacoche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Virtual Real"},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3363384.3363466","article-title":"A vision of augmented reality for urban search and rescue","volume":"14","author":"LaLone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Halfw. Future Symp."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2020.103269","article-title":"Search & rescue operations during interior firefighting: a study into crawling speeds","volume":"121","author":"Lambert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fire Saf. J."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/359318a0","article-title":"Predictable eye-head coordination during driving","volume":"359","author":"Land","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/16.8.9","article-title":"Memory and visual search in naturalistic 2D and 3D environments","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4324","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22731-w","article-title":"Memory shapes visual search strategies in large-scale environments","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194806","article-title":"Target detection and localization in visual search: a dual systems perspective","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Percept. Psychophys."},{"key":"B48","first-page":"161","article-title":"Subtle cueing for visual search in augmented reality","volume-title":"2012 IEEE Intern. Symp. Mixed Augm. Reality \u2013 ISMAR","author":"Lu","year":"2012"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/10.2.4","article-title":"Combining top-down processes to guide eye movements during real-world scene search","volume":"10","author":"Malcolm","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2005.02.003","article-title":"How do radiologists do it? The influence of experience and training on searching for chest nodules","volume":"12","author":"Manning","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.03.008","article-title":"Gaze and the control of foot placement when walking in natural terrain","volume":"28","author":"Matthis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(82)90081-X","article-title":"Contribution of striate inputs to the visuospatial functions of parieto-preoccipital cortex in monkeys","volume":"6","author":"Mishkin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.08.025","article-title":"Scene context guides eye movements during visual search","volume":"46","author":"Neider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-9452(08)70645-2","article-title":"Can free-viewing perceptual asymmetries be explained by scanning, pre-motor or attentional biases?","volume":"38","author":"Nicholls","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.22.1.10","article-title":"Visual search in naturalistic scenes from foveal to peripheral vision: a comparison between dynamic and static displays","volume":"22","author":"Nuthmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2013.11.007","article-title":"Time course of pseudoneglect in scene viewing","volume":"52","author":"Nuthmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1167\/14.2.20","article-title":"Spatial biases in viewing behavior","volume":"14","author":"Ossand\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B58","first-page":"1483","article-title":"Heat on sight-display thermal radiation in the peripheral field of view","volume-title":"Adv. Mech. Design engin. Manufact. IV: proc. Intern. Joint conf. Mech. Design engin. Adv. Manufact, JCM 2022","author":"P\u00fcschel","year":"2022"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/7.14.16","article-title":"Task and context determine where you look","volume":"7","author":"Rothkopf","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vis. 7"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210902853530","article-title":"Short article: search guidance is proportional to the categorical specificity of a target cue","volume":"62","author":"Schmidt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (Hove)."},{"key":"B61","first-page":"75","article-title":"Immersive experience prototyping: using mixed reality to integrate real devices in virtual simulated contexts to prototype experiences with mobile apps","volume-title":"2021 IEEE Int. Symp. Mixed Augm. Reality Adj","author":"Schrom-Feiertag","year":"2021"},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105231","article-title":"Spatial knowledge and firefighters\u2019 wayfinding performance: a virtual reality search and rescue experiment","volume":"139","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0956-7976.2005.00774.x","article-title":"The left-to-right bias in inhibition of return is due to the direction of reading","volume":"16","author":"Spalek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B64","first-page":"277","article-title":"Evaluating a multimodal interface for firefighting rescue tasks","volume-title":"Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Ann. Meet","author":"Streefkerk","year":"2012"},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/13.2.5","article-title":"The influence of instructions on object memory in a real-world setting","volume":"13","author":"Tatler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295x.113.4.766","article-title":"Contextual guidance of eye movements and attention in real-world scenes: the role of global features in object search","volume":"113","author":"Torralba","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(80)90005-5","article-title":"A feature-integration theory of attention","volume":"12","author":"Treisman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Cogn. Psychol."},{"key":"B68","first-page":"575","article-title":"The effect of narrow field of view and information density on visual search performance in augmented reality","volume-title":"2019 IEEE Conf. Virtual Real. 3D User Interface","author":"Trepkowski","year":"2019"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3254-x","article-title":"Mind the step: complementary effects of an implicit task on eye and head movements in real-life gaze allocation","volume":"223","author":"'t Hart","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1080\/13506280902812304","article-title":"Gaze allocation in natural stimuli: comparing free exploration to head-fixed viewing conditions","volume":"17","author":"'t Hart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vis. Cogn."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-022-02117-w","article-title":"Peripheral vision in real-world tasks: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Vater","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/5.1.8","article-title":"Setting up the target template in visual search","volume":"5","author":"Vickery","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1167\/9.3.24","article-title":"Does gravity matter? Effects of semantic and syntactic inconsistencies on the allocation of attention during scene perception","volume":"9","author":"V\u00f5","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B72","first-page":"267","article-title":"The design of an augmented reality system for urban search and rescue","volume-title":"2018 IEEE Intern. Conf. Intell. Safety Robot","author":"Wang","year":"2018"},{"key":"B73","first-page":"373","article-title":"Visual search in augmented reality: effect of target cue type and location","volume-title":"Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Ann. Meet","author":"Warden","year":"2022"},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671664","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.671664","article-title":"Human factors research in immersive virtual reality firefighter training: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Wheeler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Virtual Real."},{"key":"B75","first-page":"22","article-title":"Addressing the situational impairments encountered by firefighters through the design of alerts","volume-title":"Proc. 16th Intern. Web for All Conf","author":"Wolf","year":"2019"},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01859-9","article-title":"Guided Search 6.0: an updated model of visual search","volume":"28","author":"Wolfe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1167\/13.3.33","article-title":"Prevalence effects in newly trained airport checkpoint screeners: trained observers miss rare targets, too","volume":"13","author":"Wolfe","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.15.3.419","article-title":"Guided search: an alternative to the feature integration model for visual search","volume":"15","author":"Wolfe","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/435439a","article-title":"Rare items often missed in visual searches","volume":"435","author":"Wolfe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(95)00300-2","article-title":"Using eye saccades to assess the selectivity of search movements","volume":"36","author":"Zelinsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vis. Res."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Virtual Reality"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frvir.2024.1252351\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T09:29:24Z","timestamp":1731490164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frvir.2024.1252351\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"references-count":80,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frvir.2024.1252351"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2024.1252351","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31234\/osf.io\/ymhvt_v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.31234\/osf.io\/ymhvt","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2673-4192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4192","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,11]]},"article-number":"1252351"}}