{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T15:40:39Z","timestamp":1776440439972,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007443","name":"Friedrich Naumann Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Virtual Real."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enhanced self-focused attention plays an important role in the maintenance of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Therefore, changing attentional processes is a major target in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and recent approaches apply Virtual Reality (VR) behavioral exercises to change these processes. A promising approach to enhance such VR exposure-based exercises is implementing eye-tracking-based feedback.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This experimental study investigates which characteristics of gaze-related feedback lead to a positive valence and an increase in focused attention on social stimuli. Additionally, we examine differential effects in low (LSA) vs highly socially anxious (HSA) individuals. Overall, 50 participants, who were grouped into LSA and HSA according to the median split of the SPIN, were instructed to hold eye contact with virtual agents until they received feedback either in the form of a smile, a positive tone, or a praise. Furthermore, the required duration of maintaining eye contact with virtual agents to receive feedback was manipulated. The feedback variants were evaluated during and after the experiment <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> ratings, and participants\u2019 gaze was measured <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> eye tracking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results revealed that the smile feedback was perceived as more pleasant and elicited more eye contact in a subsequent test phase than the praise, which was associated with higher valence than the tone. In addition, LSA participants rated the social feedback variants (smile, praise) as significantly more pleasant than HSA participants, who showed reduced sensitivity to positive social feedback.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that socially rewarding feedback is more effective in LSA individuals and may not generalize to those with high social anxiety. Future research should therefore explore further feedback variants within individuals with SAD to further refine and optimize VR-based attentional interventions for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2025.1556898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:41:38Z","timestamp":1750225298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The effects of different variants of eye-tracking-based feedback of attentional processes during virtual social interactions"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Schmidt-Peter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Theresa F.","family":"Wechsler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leon O. H.","family":"Kroczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fchlberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2007.05.007","article-title":"Social anxiety and the interpretation of positive social events","volume":"22","author":"Alden","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517581","article-title":"Here comes No boom! The lack of sound feedback effects on performance and user experience in a gamified image classification task","author":"Altmeyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-531-92094-8_9","article-title":"Auditive wahrnehmung","volume-title":"Wahrnehmung und Aufmerksamkeit","author":"Ansorge","year":"2011"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2009.05.001","article-title":"First-line treatment: a critical appraisal of cognitive behavioral therapy developments and alternatives","volume":"32","author":"Arch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatric Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"B5","unstructured":"Deutsche S3-Leitlinie Behandlung von Angstst\u00f6rungen. Version 2\n          \n          \n            \n              Bandelow\n              B.\n            \n            \n              Aden\n              I.\n            \n            \n              Alpers\n              G. W.\n            \n            \n              Benecke\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Benecke\n              C.\n            \n            \n              Beutel\n              M. E.\n            \n          \n          \n          2021"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.06.005","article-title":"Attention processes in the maintenance and treatment of social phobia: hypervigilance, avoidance and self-focused attention","volume":"24","author":"B\u00f6gels","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","article-title":"Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential","volume":"25","author":"Bradley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B8","volume-title":"Deutsche version der positive and negative affect schedule PANAS (GESIS panel)","author":"Breyer","year":"2016"},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13209","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413209","article-title":"The simulation game\u2014virtual reality therapy for the treatment of social anxiety disorder: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Caponnetto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.11.025","article-title":"Hyperscanning and avoidance in social anxiety disorder: the visual scanpath during public speaking","volume":"225","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2018.15","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety","volume":"35","author":"Chesham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Change"},{"key":"B12","first-page":"69","article-title":"A cognitive model of social phobia","volume-title":"Social Phobia: diagnosis, assessment, and treatment","author":"Clark","year":"1995"},{"key":"B13","volume-title":"Social phobia: diagnosis, assessment and treatment (S. 69\u201393)","year":""},{"key":"B14","volume-title":"A cognitive model of social Phobia","author":"Heimberg","year":""},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.4.379","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the social phobia inventory (SPIN): new self-rating scale","volume":"176","author":"Connor","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.10.003","article-title":"Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy","volume":"46","author":"Craske","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2014.04.006","article-title":"Maximizing exposure therapy: an inhibitory learning approach","volume":"58","author":"Craske","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00234","article-title":"The action of verbal and non-verbal communication in the therapeutic alliance construction: a mixed methods approach to assess the initial interactions with depressed patients","volume":"11","author":"Del Giacco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.58.2.342","article-title":"The Duchenne smile: emotional expression and brain physiology: II","volume":"58","author":"Ekman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Personality Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-020-01156-1","article-title":"Virtual reality therapy in social anxiety disorder","volume":"22","author":"Emmelkamp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Psychiatry Rep."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1026\/02803-000","volume-title":"Diagnostisches und statistisches manual psychischer St\u00f6rungen DSM-5\u00ae","author":"Falkai","year":"2018"},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2005.04.002","article-title":"Size and burden of social phobia in Europe","volume":"15","author":"Fehm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/ijsa.12136","article-title":"The role of self\u2010focused attention and negative self\u2010thought in interview anxiety: a test of two interventions","volume":"24","author":"Feiler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Sel. Assess."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-394427-6.00021-2","article-title":"Evolutionary perspective on social anxiety","volume-title":"Social anxiety","author":"Gilboa-Schechtman","year":"2014"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00904","article-title":"More than a face: a unified theoretical perspective on nonverbal social cue processing in social anxiety","volume":"7","author":"Gilboa-Schechtman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298487","article-title":"The power of feedback","volume":"77","author":"Hattie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1037\/xhp0000459","article-title":"Smile! Social reward drives attention","volume":"44","author":"Hayward","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.116.1.125","article-title":"Interpersonal consequences of social anxiety","volume":"116","author":"Heerey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-375096-9.00015-8","article-title":"A cognitive behavioral model of social anxiety disorder","volume-title":"Social anxiety","author":"Heimberg","year":"2010"},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1026\/\/0012-1924.48.4.253","article-title":"Kognitive aspekte sozialer angst: die social interaction anxxiety scale (SIAS) und die social phobia scale (SPS)","volume":"48","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2018.05.005","article-title":"How social interactions influence gaze behavior: A review","volume":"52","author":"Hessels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infant Behavior and Development"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"jep.062917","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.062917","article-title":"Eye-contact takes two \u2013 autistic and social anxiety traits predict gaze behavior in dyadic interaction","volume":"9","author":"Hessels","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070701421313","article-title":"Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: a comprehensive model and its treatment implications","volume":"36","author":"Hofmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cogn. Behav. Ther."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720003785","article-title":"Virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Horigome","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00180-9","article-title":"Social phobics do not see eye to eye","volume":"17","author":"Horley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.06.007","article-title":"Meta-analysis of technology-assisted interventions for social anxiety disorder","volume":"42","author":"Kampmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800802641950","article-title":"Social anxiety and the experience of positive emotion and anger in everyday life: an ecological momentary assessment approach","volume":"23","author":"Kashdan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress and Coping"},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Archives General Psychiatry"},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1359","article-title":"Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States: anxiety and mood disorders in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Kessler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Methods Psychiatric Res."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-57287-0_2","article-title":"Grundlagen","volume-title":"Hrsg., Kompendium der Psychotherapie","author":"Kircher","year":"2019"},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2009.00816.x","article-title":"Differential effects of social and non\u2010social reward on response inhibition in children and adolescents","volume":"12","author":"Kohls","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Sci."},{"key":"B39","first-page":"151","article-title":"Aspekte der Feedbacknachricht","volume-title":"Feedback und r\u00fcckmeldungen: theoretische Grundlagen, empirische Befunde, praktische Anwendungsfelder","author":"Kopp","year":"2014"},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.9.1539","article-title":"Social and emotional messages of smiling: an ethological approach","volume":"37","author":"Kraut","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Personality Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10919-023-00430-z","article-title":"Time to smile: how onset asynchronies between reciprocal facial expressions influence the experience of responsiveness of a virtual agent","volume":"47","author":"Kroczek","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nonverbal Behav."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2010.93-129","article-title":"Delayed reinforcement of operant behavior","volume":"93","author":"Lattal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Analysis Behav."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79545-2_13","article-title":"Operante methoden","volume-title":"Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie","author":"Linderkamp","year":"2009"},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750421","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.750421","article-title":"Soundscape preference of urban residents in China in the post-pandemic era","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.02.066","article-title":"Development and validation of the Multimodal Presence Scale for virtual reality environments: a confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory approach","volume":"72","author":"Makransky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)10031-6","article-title":"Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety","volume":"36","author":"Mattick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00818","article-title":"A multidimensional view on social and non-social rewards","volume":"11","author":"Matyjek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70329-3","article-title":"Psychological and pharmacological interventions for social anxiety disorder in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"1","author":"Mayo-Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.96.2.94","article-title":"Memory bias in clinical anxiety","volume":"96","author":"Mogg","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.09.012","article-title":"Gaze avoidance in social phobia: objective measure and correlates","volume":"48","author":"Moukheiber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26320-w","article-title":"Mexican validation of the International Affective Digitized Sounds second edition (IADS-2) and additional sounds","volume":"12","author":"Naal-Ruiz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"B82","article-title":"Social anxiety disorder: recognition, assesssment and treatment (CG159)","year":"2017"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2011.00008","article-title":"Timing matters: the impact of immediate and delayed feedback on artificial language learning","volume":"5","author":"Opitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"B83","first-page":"41","article-title":"Two-process theory: A framework for understanding attention in learning","author":"Pearce","year":"2010","journal-title":"Attention and associative learning: From brain to behaviour"},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000220","article-title":"The key role of extinction learning in anxiety disorders: behavioral strategies to enhance exposure-based treatments","volume":"29","author":"Pittig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612472682","article-title":"Acting on anger: social anxiety modulates approach-avoidance tendencies after oxytocin administration","volume":"24","author":"Radke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00022-3","article-title":"A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia","volume":"35","author":"Rapee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-105247","article-title":"Feedback-Ans\u00e4tze in der Psychotherapie","volume":"16","author":"Rubel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychother. Im. Dialog"},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00511","article-title":"The psychological functions of music listening","volume":"4","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B60","volume-title":"Die Funktion der Verst\u00e4rkungin der Verhaltenswissenschaft: Contigencies of reinforcement (Studienausgabe)","author":"Skinner","year":"1974"},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.2011.02028.x","article-title":"Is no praise good praise? Effects of positive feedback on children\u2019s and university students\u2019 responses to subsequent failures","volume":"82","author":"Skipper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Educ. Psychol."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017407","article-title":"Learning from feedback: spacing and the delay\u2013retention effect","volume":"36","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cognition"},{"key":"B63","volume-title":"Social phobia inventory (SPIN) \u2013 deutsche fassung","author":"Stangier","year":"2002"},{"key":"B65","first-page":"1","article-title":"German Translation of the Multimodal Presence Scale","volume-title":"In Mensch und Computer 2018 - Workshopband","author":"Volkmann","year":"2018"},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.02.004","article-title":"Socially anxious individuals lack unintentional mimicry","volume":"48","author":"Vrijsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Personality Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Looking fear in the eye: gamified virtual reality exposure towards spiders for children using attention based feedback\n          \n          1121\n          1136\n          \n            \n              Wechsler\n              T. F.\n            \n            \n              Kocur\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Schumacher\n              S.\n            \n            \n              Rubenbauer\n              M.\n            \n            \n              Ruider\n              A.\n            \n            \n              Brockelmann\n              M.\n            \n          \n          10.1177\/13591045231194103\n          Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry\n          29\n          2023","DOI":"10.1177\/13591045231194103"},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01758","article-title":"Inferiority or even superiority of virtual reality exposure therapy in phobias? a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials specifically comparing the efficacy of virtual reality exposure to gold standard in vivo exposure in agoraphobia, specific phobia, and social phobia","volume":"10","author":"Wechsler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751272","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.751272","article-title":"Look at the audience? A randomized controlled study of shifting attention from self-focus to nonsocial vs. social external stimuli during virtual reality exposure to public speaking in social anxiety","volume":"12","author":"Wechsler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118653920.ch20","article-title":"Fear of positive evaluation: the neglected fear domain in social anxiety","volume-title":"J. W. Weeks (Eds.), the wiley blackwell Handbook of social anxiety disorder (1. Aufl., S. 433\u2013453)","author":"Weeks","year":"2014"},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(98)80037-3","article-title":"Social phobia: effects of external attention on anxiety, negative beliefs, and perspective taking","volume":"29","author":"Wells","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav. Ther."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2019.05.007","article-title":"Does delay in feedback diminish sense of agency? A review","volume":"73","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Conscious. Cognition"},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.04.004","article-title":"Is eye to eye-contact really threatening and avoided in social anxiety? an eye tracking and psychophysiology study","volume":"23","author":"Wieser","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.03087","article-title":"The power of feedback revisited: a meta-analysis of educational feedback research","volume":"10","author":"Wisniewski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-13018-2","volume-title":"Klinische Psychologie and Psychotherapie: Mit \u2026 126 Tabellen (2nd ed., revised and expanded)","author":"Wittchen","year":"2011"},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1027-6","article-title":"Affective auditory stimulus database: an expanded version of the International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS-E)","volume":"50","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.5127\/jep.052615","article-title":"The role of positive affect in enhancing extinction learning and exposure therapy for anxiety disorders","volume":"8","author":"Zbozinek","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychopathol."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2015.05.016","article-title":"The effect of positive mood induction on reducing reinstatement fear: relevance for long term outcomes of exposure therapy","volume":"71","author":"Zbozinek","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Ther."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Virtual Reality"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frvir.2025.1556898\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T05:41:44Z","timestamp":1750225304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frvir.2025.1556898\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":81,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/frvir.2025.1556898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2025.1556898","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-4192"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-4192","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"article-number":"1556898"}}