{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:30:18Z","timestamp":1785281418990,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Biochim. Pol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Various high-efficiency hemodialysis techniques exist, including different online high- volume hemodiafiltration (HDF) modes and expanded hemodialysis (HDx) utilizing dialyzers with medium cut-off (MCO) membranes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of uremic toxin removal among four modalities: (I) HDx, (II) pre-dilution HDF (PRE-HDF), (III) mixed-dilution HDF (MIX-HDF), and (IV) post-dilution HDF (POST-HDF), each applied for 1\u00a0week in a randomized order. This research was a single-center, prospective, open-label, exploratory crossover study. The reduction ratio (RR) for small molecular toxins (urea and phosphate), a middle molecular toxin (beta-2-microglobulin, \u03b22M), a large-middle molecular toxin (Chitinase-3-like protein 1, YKL-40), and a protein- bound uremic toxin (indoxyl sulfate, IS) was evaluated during a single mid-week dialysis session. Twelve patients were included, with an average age of 52.5 \u00b1 15.47\u00a0years and an average dialysis duration of 42.05 \u00b1 31.04\u00a0months. The dialysis parameters, including; post-dialysis weight, session duration, dialysate composition, blood and dialysate flow; rates, dialysate temperature, and anticoagulation dosage, were maintained consistently across all modalities. No significant differences in RR for urea, phosphate, \u03b22M, YKL-40, and IS were observed between the treatments. Although the highest IS clearance, though not statistically significant, was observed with POST-HDF and HDx, the differences were not substantial enough to favor any particular modality as the most effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/abp.2024.13715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T04:11:06Z","timestamp":1732853466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of uremic toxin removal between expanded hemodialysis and high volume online hemodiafiltrations in different modes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Biedunkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Zakrzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylwia","family":"Ma\u0142gorzewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Komorniczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Jasiulewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"P\u0142onka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Tarasewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Jankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Biedunkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicja","family":"D\u0119bska\u2010\u015alizie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Tylicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2016.05.011","article-title":"Protein-bound toxins: added value in their removal with high convective volumes","volume":"36","author":"Abad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa2304820","article-title":"Effect of hemodiafiltration or hemodialysis on mortality in kidney failure","volume":"389","author":"Blankestijn","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. 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