{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:18:36Z","timestamp":1771921116649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Biochim. Pol."],"abstract":"\n Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n is a mucin-degrading gut bacterium linked to metabolic health, yet culture-based growth stimulation may not translate to sustained enrichment\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n .\n Odontosoria biflora<\/jats:italic>\n (\u201ctubho\u201d) is traditionally consumed in the Philippines as a herbal tea, but its extract-level activity toward\n A. muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n remains poorly characterized.\n O. biflora<\/jats:italic>\n was sequentially extracted (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, aqueous) and screened for growth-supporting activity toward\n A. muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n in modified BHI under anaerobic conditions. The most active fraction (hexane; OBE HEX) was evaluated for acute oral tolerability in BALB\/c mice according to OECD Tesy No. 423 (up to 2000\u00a0mg\/kg) and subsequently assessed in a high-fat\/high-sugar diet plus alloxan-induced diabetic model. Fecal\n A. muciniphila-<\/jats:italic>\n specific qPCR signal was monitored at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4 using a modified 2\n \u2212<\/jats:sup>\n \u0394\u0394Ct approach with external ATCC genomic DNA as a reference. OBE-HEX produced the strongest\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n growth-supporting effect (56.43% at 250\u00a0mg\/L, p &lt; 0.05; 85.62% at 500\u00a0mg\/L, p &lt; 0.001) and showed no observable toxicity\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n . In contrast,\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n analysis revealed only transient changes in fecal\n A. muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n detection following OBE-HEX administration, whereas sustained elevation was observed only in metformin-treated mice. Untargeted UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis of OBE-HEX yielded putative identification of 2-O-rhamnosylvitexin and 7-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,5-diol. Overall, these findings demonstrate that while\n O. biflora<\/jats:italic>\n hexane extract exhibits direct growth-supporting activity toward\n A. muciniphila in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n and is orally tolerable, such effects do not translate into sustained\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n enrichment under diabetic conditions, underscoring the limitations of extrapolating culture-based microbiota screening results to host-associated systems.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/abp.2026.16199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T06:10:35Z","timestamp":1771913435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Differential in vitro and in vivo responses of Akkermansia muciniphila to Odontosoria biflora (Kaulf.) C.Chr. 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