{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T16:39:27Z","timestamp":1786552767205,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Biochim. Pol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyacrylamide gel preparation for SDS\u2013PAGE is conventionally initiated by the ammonium persulfate (APS)\u2013TEMED system. Although effective, the relatively high volatility of TEMED may increase operator exposure during routine laboratory use. In this study, N,N,N\u2032,N\u2013tetraethylethylenediamine (TEEDA) was systematically evaluated as an alternative accelerator for SDS\u2013PAGE gel preparation. TEEDA alone produced polymerization and protein separation performance comparable to those of the conventional TEMED\u2013APS system, although higher concentrations (8.3\u00a0mM in 10% separating gels and 17.4\u00a0mM in 5% stacking gels) were required than those of TEMED (4.0\u00a0mM and 6.7 mM, respectively). When TEEDA concentrations comparable to those of TEMED were used, supplementation with 0.1% SBS in separating gels and 0.01% SBS in stacking gels restored polymerization and protein separation performance to levels comparable with those of the conventional TEMED\u2013APS system. These findings provide an optimized TEEDA\u2013based formulation for routine SDS\u2013PAGE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/abp.2026.17215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T15:52:00Z","timestamp":1786549920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of a TEEDA\u2013based initiation system for SDS\u2013PAGE"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science and Technology, Suzhou Chien\u2013Shiung Institute of Technology","place":["Taicang, China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Novel Tumor\u2013targeting Drug Conjugates","place":["Taicang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crown Bioscience Inc.","place":["Taicang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University","place":["Changzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science and Technology, Suzhou Chien\u2013Shiung Institute of Technology","place":["Taicang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science and Technology, Suzhou Chien\u2013Shiung Institute of Technology","place":["Taicang, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420119-4.00012-4","article-title":"One-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE)","volume":"541","author":"Brunelle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1749-6632.1964.TB14213.X","article-title":"Disc electrophoresis \u2013 ii method and application to human serum proteins*","volume":"121","author":"Davis","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann. 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