{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:46:13Z","timestamp":1753890373884,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontierspartnerships.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Adv. Drug Alcohol Res."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drug abuse and related disorders are a global public health crisis affecting millions, but to date, limited treatment options are available. Abused drugs include but are not limited to opioids, cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine, and alcohol. Drug abuse and human immunodeficiency virus-1\/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV-1\/AIDS) are inextricably linked. Extensive research has been done to understand the effect of prolonged drug use on neuronal signaling networks and gut microbiota. Recently, there has been rising interest in exploring the interactions between the central nervous system and the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the existing research that points toward the potential role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-linked drug abuse and subsequent neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. Preclinical data about gut dysbiosis as a consequence of drug abuse in the context of HIV-1 has been discussed in detail, along with its implications in various neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding this interplay will help elucidate the etiology and progression of drug abuse-induced neurodegenerative disorders. This will consequently be beneficial in developing possible interventions and therapeutic options for these drug abuse-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/adar.2023.11092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T04:11:02Z","timestamp":1677816662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Role of the gut-brain axis in HIV and drug abuse-mediated neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Sudipta","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susmita","family":"Sil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muthukumar","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Palsamy","family":"Periyasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Buch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804774","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.804774","article-title":"Neurodegeneration within the amygdala is differentially induced by opioid and HIV-1 Tat exposure","volume":"16","author":"Nass","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01029-4","article-title":"Modeling alcohol-induced neurotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional cerebral organoids","volume":"10","author":"Arzua","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1233-3","article-title":"Human alcohol-related neuropathology","volume":"127","author":"de la Monte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643273","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.643273","article-title":"Impact of alcohol abuse on susceptibility to rare neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"8","author":"Araujo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Mol Biosci"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072316","article-title":"Role of alcohol drinking in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-012-9334-7","article-title":"Psychostimulant abuse and neuroinflammation: Emerging evidence of their interconnection","volume":"23","author":"Clark","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurotox Res"},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X15616978","article-title":"Drugs of abuse and blood-brain barrier endothelial dysfunction: A focus on the role of oxidative stress","volume":"36","author":"Sajja","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1496-y","article-title":"Dynamic interaction of genetic risk factors and cocaine abuse in the background of Parkinsonism - 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