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Agron."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Cirsium arvense<\/jats:italic> (Canada thistle) is a perennial weed that causes significant economic losses in agriculture. An extensive rhizomatous root system makes <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic> difficult to manage, particularly in agricultural systems that use tillage as a primary management tool. There is a need for the development of integrated weed management toolsets that include <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic> biological controls. <jats:italic>Puccinia punctiformis<\/jats:italic> (thistle rust) is an autoecious fungal pathogen that systemically infects <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic>, with the potential to reduce host vigor over time. The goal of this study was to integrate the <jats:italic>P. punctiformis<\/jats:italic> biocontrol with a simulated annual cropping sequence in a greenhouse environment and evaluate <jats:italic>C. arvense\u2019s<\/jats:italic> above-and belowground biomass production, and its competitive ability. Repeated <jats:italic>P. punctiformis<\/jats:italic> inoculations produced systemically infected <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic> stems in greenhouse pots over time. <jats:italic>Cirsium arvense<\/jats:italic> that was inoculated with <jats:italic>P. punctiformis<\/jats:italic> had 1.6 grams\/pot (<jats:italic>p = 0.0019<\/jats:italic>) less aboveground biomass and 5.6 grams\/pot (<jats:italic>p&amp;lt; 0.001)<\/jats:italic> less belowground biomass, compared to the non-inoculated (control). <jats:italic>Puccinia punctiformis<\/jats:italic> and crop competition interacted additively to lower aboveground (p&amp;lt;0.001) and belowground (p&amp;lt;0.001) <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic> biomass more than individual use of either the biocontrol or competition alone. The aboveground competition intensity of <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic> in a mixed crop sequence, relative to non-inoculated <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic> grown in a monoculture, was moderately impacted by the <jats:italic>P. punctiformis<\/jats:italic> biocontrol (<jats:italic>p = 0.0987<\/jats:italic>). These results indicate that systemic infection can reduce biomass production and the competitive ability of <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic>. Overall, <jats:italic>P. punctiformis<\/jats:italic> can be integrated into competitive annual cropping sequences with the potential to reduce <jats:italic>C. arvense<\/jats:italic> vigor over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fagro.2023.1201600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T04:36:07Z","timestamp":1683866167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Impact of Puccinia punctiformis on Cirsium arvense performance in a simulated crop sequence"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Chichinsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jed","family":"Eberly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian D.","family":"Menalled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Seipel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","volume-title":"Plant pathology","author":"Agrios","year":"2005"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aob.a084129","article-title":"Growth Hormones and the Creeping Thistle Rust","volume":"31","author":"Bailiss","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann. 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