{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:41:23Z","timestamp":1790628083849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment with disease-transforming potential for allergic disorders. The immunological mechanisms associated with AIT can be divided along time in two phases: short-term, involving mast cell (MC) desensitization; and long-term, with a regulatory T cell (Treg) response with significant reduction of eosinophilia. This regulatory response is induced in about 70% of patients and lasts up to 3 years after AIT cessation. MC desensitization is characteristic of the initial phase of AIT and it is often related to its success. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved in allergen-specific MC desensitization, or the connection between MC desensitization and the development of a Treg arm, are poorly understood. The major AIT challenges are its long duration, the development of allergic reactions during AIT, and the lack of efficacy in a considerable proportion of patients. Therefore, reaching a better understanding of the immunology of AIT will help to tackle these short-comings and, particularly, to predict responder-patients. In this regard, omics strategies are empowering the identification of predictive and follow-up biomarkers in AIT. Here, we review the immunological mechanisms underlying AIT with a focus on MC desensitization and AIT-induced adverse reactions. Also, we discuss the identification of novel biomarkers with predictive potential that could improve the rational use of AIT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2022.898494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T05:09:02Z","timestamp":1655356142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mast Cell Desensitization in Allergen Immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Celia","family":"L\u00f3pez-Sanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Saiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Isabel","family":"Delgado-Dolset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Perales-Chorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Villase\u00f1or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domingo","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda M.","family":"Escribese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13851","article-title":"Future research trends in understanding the mechanisms underlying allergic diseases for improved patient care","volume":"74","author":"Breiteneder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"251","article-title":"Immune polarization in allergic patients: role of the innate immune system","volume":"25","author":"Escribese","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-69968-4_7","article-title":"Initiation, Persistence and Exacerbation of Food Allergy","volume-title":"Allergy Prevention and Exacerbation. 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