{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:43:14Z","timestamp":1790034194044,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Allergy"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background &amp;amp; aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which IgG4 involvement is unclear. We aimed to evaluate immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and investigate the correlation among IgG4-positive plasma cells in esophageal tissue, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, and specific IgG4 (sIgG4) levels to six foods (milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, and seafood).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study with prospective patient inclusion was conducted from 2017 to 2024 in a real-world setting. Clinical, endoscopic, therapeutic, and outcome characteristics of the patients were collected. Positive staining was defined as &amp;gt;10 IgG4-positive plasma cells per HPF. Peripheral blood analyses included measurements of total IgE, specific IgE, and sIgG4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-eight patients were included. Patients with positive histological staining exhibited a significantly higher proportion of endoscopic edema (16.1% vs. 2.1%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045; RR\u2009=\u20098.8, 95% CI:1\u201379.8) and a greater need for second-line treatment (64.5% vs. 41.3%) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04; RR\u2009=\u20092.5, 95% CI:1\u20136.6). Patients with positive IgG4 histological staining exhibited significantly higher median concentrations of serum sIgG4 to milk casein (50.1\u2005mg\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L vs. 11.2\u2005mg\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005; r\u2009=\u20090.31) and egg (63.4\u2005mg\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L vs. 20.1\u2005mg\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011; r\u2009=\u20090.28) than those with negative stain. Patients who did not show histological response to first-line treatment had significantly higher concentrations of sIgG4 to casein (31.8\u2005mg\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L vs. 18.6\u2005mg\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03; r\u2009=\u20090.26) and egg (45.46\u2005mg\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L vs. 19.2\u2005mg\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/L,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03; r\u2009=\u20090.27).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum sIgG4 levels to casein and egg were associated with infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in esophageal tissue and a worse disease prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2026.1750690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T07:19:09Z","timestamp":1769411949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Esophageal tissue immunoglobulin G4 in eosinophilic esophagitis and its correlation with serum-specific IgG4 to six foods"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Mac\u00edas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL)","place":["Salamanca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Men\u00e9ndez-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL)","place":["Salamanca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Velasco-Guardado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digestive Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL)","place":["Salamanca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose A.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathological Anatomy Department, University Hospital of Salamanca","place":["Salamanca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathological Anatomy Department, University Hospital of Salamanca","place":["Salamanca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"D\u00e1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL)","place":["Salamanca, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.07.009","article-title":"Updated international consensus diagnostic criteria for eosinophilic esophagitis: proceedings of the AGREE conference","volume":"155","author":"Dellon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14072","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14072","article-title":"Emerging incidence trends of eosinophilic esophagitis over 25 years: results of a nationwide register-based pathology 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