{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:45:13Z","timestamp":1791434713750,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioinform."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Quorum-sensing (QS) systems based on acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) regulate gene expression in response to cell density in many bacteria, including\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These systems, typically composed of LuxI-like synthases and LuxR-like regulators, control processes such as plasmid conjugation, biofilm formation, and plant interactions. However, their evolutionary dynamics and genomic distribution in\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    remain poorly understood. We analyzed 142 complete\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes using comparative genomics, phylogenetic reconstruction, and genomic context analysis. LuxI\/LuxR homologs were identified based on sequence similarity and Pfam domain architecture, and their genomic contexts were examined. Phylogenetic relationships and coevolution between LuxI\/LuxR pairs were assessed using cophylogenetic approaches. QS systems showed a highly heterogeneous distribution across\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomes: some strains lacked canonical systems, whereas others encoded one or multiple systems in chromosomes and\/or plasmids. Chromosomal QS systems were associated with multiple distinct genomic contexts, supporting at least seven independent acquisition events. In contrast, plasmid-encoded systems exhibited substantially greater diversity in both sequence and genomic organization. Phylogenetic and comparative analyses revealed dynamic gains and losses of QS systems, variable coevolution among LuxI\/LuxR pairs, and evidence of partner recruitment. Notably, plasmids appear to act as major reservoirs of QS systems and likely sources of their transfer to chromosomes. These findings indicate that QS systems in\n                    <jats:italic>Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    evolve through a combination of horizontal gene transfer, genomic rearrangement, and differential retention across replicons. The higher diversity and mobility of plasmid-encoded systems highlight their central role in shaping QS evolution and functional innovation. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the diversification and evolutionary trajectories of QS systems in complex multipartite bacterial genomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbinf.2026.1767204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T05:22:37Z","timestamp":1776403357000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diversity and evolution of quorum-sensing systems in Rhizobium"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ivana","family":"Blancas-Nava","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Programa de Gen\u00f3mica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","place":["Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick","family":"Cruz-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda Molecular, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","place":["Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Unidad de An\u00e1lisis Bioinform\u00e1tico","place":["Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa-Maria","family":"Gutierrez-Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda Molecular, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","place":["Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Cevallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Programa de Gen\u00f3mica Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","place":["Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6233","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126233","article-title":"Rhizobial exopolysaccharides: genetic regulation of their synthesis and relevance in symbiosis with legumes","volume":"22","author":"Acosta-Jurado","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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