{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T06:21:23Z","timestamp":1783405283732,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-10630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-10630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioinform."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. are Gram-negative bacteria accountable for brucellosis in immunocompromised individuals and livestock. Due to the slow-growing latent phenotype, current antibiotics are insufficient to treat the infection. The lack of an approved vaccine for human use against this pathogen represents a significant public health concern and indicates the urgent need for novel prophylactic interventions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study, the reverse vaccinology method was combined with pan-genome analysis to identify potential vaccine targets. Proteins have been screened for antigenicity, solubility, immunogenicity, and subcellular localization. B cell and T cell epitopes exhibiting high immunogenicity and solubility have been identified. Multi-epitope vaccine constructs have been evaluated and further analyzed depending on their physicochemical properties. Molecular docking, conformational dynamics,\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      cloning, and immune simulations were conducted to identify the optimal vaccine candidate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four proteins, trigger factor, outer membrane protein assembly factor BamA, urease subunit beta (UreB), and urease subunit alpha (UreC1) were considered for potential vaccine targets. A total of 26 B cell and 97 T cell epitopes with notable immunogenicity and solubility have been shortlisted. Twelve multi-epitope vaccine constructs were generated, among which Vc7 has been chosen based on structural and physicochemical properties. Molecular docking analysis revealed a good correlation with 2FSE and 2Z65, which were further analyzed to reveal that Vc7 exhibited stronger binding affinity (\u2212135.24 kcal\/mol) towards 2FSE, mediated by hydrophobic contacts, salt bridges, and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, making it the ideal vaccine complex and validated through a 150 ns molecular dynamics simulation.\n                      <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      cloning established construct compatibility, and immune simulation confirmed Vc7\u2019s potential to elicit T cell, B cell, antibody, and cytokine-mediated responses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vc7 has been identified as a structurally stable and highly immunogenic construct, suggesting its potential as a universal multi-epitope vaccine candidate for the prevention of brucellosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbinf.2026.1818265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:48:08Z","timestamp":1783403288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An integrated subtractive genomics and immunoinformatics approach for designing a universal multi-epitope vaccine against Brucella spp."],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Rhitam","family":"Biswas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapno Surabhi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Ramaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand","family":"Anbarasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)","place":["Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2015.06.001","article-title":"GROMACS: high performance molecular simulations through multi-level parallelism from laptops to supercomputers","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454394","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1454394","article-title":"Advanced vaccinomic, immunoinformatic, and molecular modeling strategies for designing Multi-epitope vaccines against the Enterobacter cloacae complex","volume":"15","author":"Alhassan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. 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