{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T21:11:15Z","timestamp":1775855475748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of our research was the development of Amphotericin B-loaded <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> gelling nanofibers for the treatment of keratomycosis. Different formulation strategies were applied to increase the drug load of the sparingly water-soluble Amphotericin B in electrospun Gellan Gum\/Pullulan fibers. These include bile salt addition, encapsulation in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles and formation of a polymeric Amphotericin B polyelectrolyte complex. The Amphotericin B polyelectrolyte complex (AmpB-Eu L) performed best and was very effective against the fungal strain <jats:italic>Issatchenkia orientalis in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The complex was characterized in detail by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. A heat induced stress test was carried out to ensure the stability of the polyelectrolyte complex. To gain information about the cellular tolerance of the developed polyelectrolyte complex a new, innovative multilayered-stratified human cornea cell model was used for determination of the cellular toxicity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. For a safe therapy, the applied ophthalmic drug delivery system has to be sterile. Sterilization by electron irradiation caused not degradation of pure Amphotericin B and also for the bile salt complex. Furthermore, the developed Amphotericin B polyelectrolyte complex was not degraded by the irradiation process. In conclusion, a new polyelectrolyte Amphotericin B complex has been found which retains the antifungal activity of the drug with sufficient stability against irradiation-sterilization induced drug degradation. Furthermore, in comparison with the conventional used eye drop formulation, the new AmpB-complex loaded nanofibers were less toxic to cornea cells <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Electrospinning of the Amphotericin B polyelectrolyte complex with Gellan Gum\/ Pullulan leads to the formation of nanofibers with <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> gelling properties, which is a new and promising option for the treatment of keratomycosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.600384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T06:18:05Z","timestamp":1608531485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["In situ Gelling Amphotericin B Nanofibers: A New Option for the Treatment of Keratomycosis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Benedikt","family":"G\u00f6ttel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrike","family":"Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Syrowatka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Knolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Kuntsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Heinzelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Viestenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"M\u00e4der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3109\/02652040902797516","article-title":"Amphotericin B microspheres: a therapeutic approach to minimize toxicity while maintaining antifungal efficacy","volume":"26","author":"Angra","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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